ā, ab, prep. with abl., by, from, of. See frōns, latus, andtergum.
abdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., take away.
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itum, intr., go away, depart, leave, begone (imper.); be off, get away, come away; go, go off, go on, go forward, go out, wander off, keep off; move, start, set out; (of the day) decline, (of time) pass.
abhinc, adv., ago.
abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus, tr., throw away; throw, cast.
ablātus, see auferō.
abnuō, -nuere, -nuī, -nuitūrus, tr. and intr., shake head; refuse, reject.
abscīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsus, tr., cut off.
abscondō, -condere, -condī, -conditus, tr., conceal, hide.
abstulī, see auferō.
absum, -esse, āfuī, āfutūrus, intr., be absent, be away, be out, be distant; lack, be lacking.
absurdus, -a, -um, adj., ridiculous; bad (writing).
abundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., abound; part. as adj., abundāns, -antis, lavish.
ac, atque, conj., and. See aeque.
accēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessum, intr., approach, draw near, draw (closer); advance, step up, come up, come on, come, move (toward); impers. third sing., it is added, etc.
accelerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., hasten, hurry on.
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsus, tr., light; cheer on.
accidō, -cidere, -cidī, intr., happen.
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus, tr., accept, receive, take; greet, welcome, deal with; suffer (defeat); hospitiō accipere, receive hospitably, entertain; acceptus, -a, -um, part. as adj., agreeable, pleasing.
ācer, -cris, -cre, adj., fierce; piercing.
acerbus, -a, -um, adj., bitter.
acervus, -ī, m., heap.
Achaia, -ae, f., the Roman province of Greece.
Āchān, indecl., a Hebrew who secreted part of the spoils of Jericho.
Acherōn, -ontis, m., a river of the Lower World.
aciēs, -ēī, f., battle-line, line of battle, line, army.
ācriter, adv., fiercely, sharply, strenuously, vigorously, energetically.
acūtus, -a, -um, adj., sharp.
ad, prep. with acc., to, (up) to, toward, at, for, on, upon; to the house of, to the establishment of, to the presence of; near; according to, to the accompaniment of. See ūnus, usque, and versus (prep.).
addō, -dere, -didī, -ditus, tr., add; gradum addere, hurry, hasten.
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., bring on, bring, bring (to), bring up; pass., come; be overcome.
adeō, adv., so, to such an extent, so much so; thereto.
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itus, tr. and intr., approach, come in, be at hand; go, go to, come to, go to see, visit, appear before, reach; incur (danger).
adeptus, see adipīscor.
adferō, -ferre, attulī, adlātus, tr., bring, take, bring along, waft; make (an end); deliver; pass., be borne.
adficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus, tr., affect, afflict, subject (to), trouble, visit (with punishment); honor.
adfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxus, tr., nail, fasten (to).
adfīnis, -is, m., connection, relative; sharer; adherent.
adfirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., declare, affirm, say.
adflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxī, -flīctus, tr., knock, overwhelm.
adhūc, adv., up to this time, until now, up till now, till now, yet, while yet, as yet, (while) still.
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus, tr., add.
adipīscor, adipīscī, adeptus sum, tr., gain, get.
adiuvō, -iuvāre, -iūvī, -iūtus, tr., help, assist, aid.
admīror, -āri,-ātus sum, tr. and intr., admire, wonder at; wonder.
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., admit; suffer (disgrace); in sē admittere, commit.
admodum, adv., exceedingly, very, quite.
admoneō, -monēre, -monuī, -monitus, tr., admonish, warn, remind.
admoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtus, tr., apply, put (to); set (fire).
adoptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., adopt.
adorior, -orīrī, -ortus sum, tr., attack, assail, approach.
adōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., call upon, offer prayer to, worship.
adpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus, tr., put on, serve.
adprīmē, adv., in the highest degree, exceedingly, particuiarly.
adrīdeō, -rīdēre, -rīsī, -rīsus, tr. and intr., smile assent, laugh (at).
adsentātor, -ōris, m., flatterer.
adsentor, -ārī, -ātus sum, intr., flatter.
adsiduē, adv., industriously, persistently, continually, constantly.
adsiduus, -a, -um, adj., persistent, continued.
adsum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus, intr., be present, be present (at), be here, be there, be on hand, be at hana, be on the field; be come, come, appear.
adulēscēns, -entis, part. as adj., youthful, young, in (one’s) youth; as noun, m., young man, youth.
advena, -ae, m. and f., outsider, stranger.
adveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventum, intr., arrive, come (to).
adventus, -ūs, m., arrival, coming.
adversus, -a, -um, adj., opposite, contrary, unfavorable; flūmine adversō, upstream, against the current; in ōs adversum, full in the face.
advesperāscit, -vesperāscere, -vesperāvit, intr., it grows dark.
aedēs, -is, f.; pl., house, dwelling, building.
aedificium, -ī, n., building.
Aegaeus, -a, -um, adj., Aegean; designation of a sea east of Greece.
Aegeus (dissyl.), -eī, m., a mythical king of Athens.
Aegyptus, -ī, f., Egypt.
Aegyptus, -ī, m., a mythical king of Arabia.
Aenēās, -ae, m., the hero of Vergil’s Aeneid.
aēneus, -a, -um, adj., of bronze, bronze.
aequē, adv., equally, as much, so; aequē ac, as much as.
aequus, -a, -um, adj., equal, undisturbed, comfortable; aequō animō, cheerfully; haud aequō animō, impatiently.
aes, aeris, n., bronze; aes aliēnum, debt.
Aeschylus, -ī, m., a famous Greek poet, born 525 BCE
Aesculāpius, -ī, m., a legendary Greek physician, worshiped as a god.
aestās, -ātis, f., summer.
aestus, -ūs, m., heat; tide.
aetās, -ātis, f., age, (old) age, life. See ineō.
aevum, -ī, n., age.
Āfrica, -ae, f., Africa.
āfuī, see absum.
ager, -grī, m., field, land, district; pl., territory.
aggredior, -gredī, -gressus sum, tr., assail, attack, approach, undertake.
agmen, -inis, n., line, column.
agnōscō, -nōscere, -nōvī, -nitus, tr., recognize, acknowledge.
agō, agere, ēgī, āctus, tr., drive, do, put through, aim at, carry, carry off; be stationed; deal (with), give (thanks), spend, pass (time), play (rôle), work (oars); age, agite, come! agitur, it is a question; quid agis? how do you do? annum . . . agere, be in (one’s) —th year; in crucem agere, crucify; male agere cum, deal hardly with, illtreat, treat badly. Pass., happen, proceed, go on.
agricola, -ae, m., farmer.
Agricola, -ae, m., Julius Agricola, father-in-law of the historian Tacitus.
Ahēnobarbus, -ī, m., Nero’s name before adoption; pl., the Ahenobarbi.
aiō, defect. verb, say.
āla, -ae, f., wing.
alacer, -cris, -cre, adj., fresh, brisk, willing, cheerful.
alacriter, adv., readily, willingly.
Albānus, -a, -um, adj., Alban, designation of a mountain in Latium.
Alexandrēa, -ae, f., Alexandria, a city of Egypt.
alibī, adv., elsewhere, in other places; nusquam alibī, nowhere else.
aliquamdiū, adv., for some time, for a little.
aliquandō, adv., some time, some time or other.
aliquantō, adv., somewhat.
aliquis (aliquī), aliqua, aliquid (aliquod), indef. pron., anyone, someone, somebody; anything, something; adj., some, any.
aliquō, adv., somewhere.
aliquot, indecl. adj., several, a few, some.
aliter, adv., otherwise, differently.
alius, alia, aliud, adj., another, other, some other; pl., as noun, others; aliī . . . in aliam partem, some in one direction, some in another; nihil aliud, nothing else; vix aliud, hardly anything else.
Allobrogēs, -um, m., a Gallic tribe.
Alpēs, -ium, f., the Alps.
altē, adv., aloft, on high, high.
alter, -tera, -terum, adj., the other, a second, another, one (of two); alter . . . alter, the one . . . the other.
altercor, -ārī, -ātus sum, intr., quarrel, wrangle.
alternus, -a, -um, adj., alternate, every other.
altum, -ī, n., the deep (i.e., the sea).
altus, -a, -um, adj., high, tall, lofty; deep.
alveus, -ī, m., trough.
amābilis, -e, adj., lovable.
ambiguus, -a, -um, adj., ambiguous; in ambiguō esse, be unsettled.
ambō, -ae, -ō, adj., both.
ambulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., walk, promenade.
āmēns, -entis, adj., crazy, wild, maddened.
amīcus, -ī, m., friend.
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., lose.
amnis, -is, m., river, stream.
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., love, cherish, like; amābō, (I) pray, please; part. as adj., amāns, -antis, devoted (to), loving(ly); as noun, m., lover.
amoenus, -a, -um, adj., picturesque, charming, pleasant.
amor, -ōris, m., love.
āmoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtus, tr., take away, remove.
amphitheātrum, -ī, n., amphitheater.
amphora, -ae, f., jar.
amplector, -plectī, -plexus sum, tr., embrace, envelop, seize.
amplius, adv., further, more.
an, conj., whether. See utrum. (In a direct question, an is often not to be translated.)
Anchīsēs, -ae, m., the father of Aeneas.
ancilla, -ae, f., maidservant.
Androclēs, -is, m., the hero of a lion story.
Androgeōs, -eī, m., son of Minos.
anguis, -is, m. and f., snake.
angustiae, -ārum, f., narrow pass, narrowness.
angustus, -a, -um, adj., narrow.
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus, tr., notice, catch sight of, give attention to, make note of, observe, see.
animus, -ī, m., mind, frame of mind, attitude, judgment, attention, consciousness, courage. See aequus.
Anna, -ae, f., a Hebrew maid.
annālēs, -ium, m., records, history.
annus, -ī, m., year. See agō.
ante, prep. with acc., before; in front of.
ante, adv., earlier, previously, before.
anteā, adv., before, previously, earlier.
Antiochus, -ī, m., king of Syria in the time of Hannibal.
antīquitus, adv., in ancient times, in the olden time, in days of old.
antīquus, -a, -um, adj., ancient.
Antōnius, -ī, m., Antonius Primus, a general of Vespasian.
ānulus, -ī, m., ring.
ānxius, -a, -um, adj., anxious, nervous, worried, fearful; disturbing.
Ānxur, -uris, n., a town of Latium.
apage, interj., away with, take away; really, of all things!
aperiō, -īre, -uī,-tus, tr., open; part. as adj., apertus, -a, -um, open; in apertō, in the open.
apertē, adv., openly.
Apollō, -inis, m., the god of music.
Apollōnius, -ī, m., Apollonius Molo, a rhetorician of Rhodes.
Apōnius, -ī, m., Aponius Saturninus, a Roman victimized at an auction.
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus, intr., appear.
appellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., address, accost, call, name.
appellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus, tr., bring, bring to land, dock; pass., be driven, arrive.
Appī Forum, -ī, n., a town of Latium.
Appius, -a, -um, adj., Appian, the designation of a famous road of southern Italy.
appropinquō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., draw near, approach, appear, come.
aptus, -a, -um, adj., suited, fit, attached.
apud, prep. with acc., among, at the house of, at the court of, before; near; in (with name of writer); with, in the hands of; apud īnferōs, in the world below.
aqua, -ae, f., water.
aquila, -ae, f., eagle, standard.
aquor, -ārī, -ātus, intr., get water.
āra, -ae, f., altar.
Arabia, -ae, f., Arabia.
arbitrium, -ī, n., authority, behest.
arbor, -oris, f., tree.
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, tr., summon, call.
Archimēdēs, -is, m., a celebrated mathematician of Syracuse.
ārdeō, ardēre, ārsī, ārsūrus, intr., glow, burn.
ārdor, -ōris, m., heat, enthusiasm, passion.
ārea, -ae, f., court, yard.
Arethūsa, -ae, f., a nymph and a spring in Sicily.
argentum, -ī, n., silver, silver plate.
Ariadna, -ae, f., Ariadne, daughter of Minos, king of Crete.
Arīcia, -ae, f., a town of Latium.
Arīminum, -ī, n., a town of Umbria.
Aristippus, -ī, m., a Greek philosopher born in the fifth centuryBCE
arma, -ōrum, n., arms, armor.
armō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., arm; part. as adj., armātus, -a, -um, armed, equipped to fight, in full armor; as noun, armātus, -ī, m., armed man.
arripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptus, tr., seize, snatch, catch up.
ars, artis, f., science, art.
artē, adv., closely, tightly, soundly.
artus, -a, -um, adj., deep, sound (sleep).
Ascanius, -ī, m., son of Aeneas.
ascendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsus, tr. and intr., mount, climb up, go aboard, embark.
Asia, -ae, f., Asia.
asinus, -ī, m., ass.
aspiciō, -spicere, -spexī, -spectus, tr., see, view, catch sight of sight, notice, note, look on, look at, behold, witness, look.
at, conj., but; then, and.
Atalanta, -ae, f., a princess famed for her fleetness.
āter, -tra -trum, adj., black, dark.
Athēnae, -ārum, f., Athens.
Athēniēnsis, -e, adj., Athenian; pl., as noun, Athēniēnsēs, -ium, m., the Athenians.
Athēnodōrus, -ī, m., a Greek philosopher mentioned by Pliny.
āthlēta, -ae, m., athlete.
Atīlius, -ī, m., see Rēgulus.
atque, conj., see ac.
atquī, conj., and yet.
atrōx, -ōcis, adj., shocking, fearful, dreadful, fierce.
attentē, adv., intently, attentively, closely, steadily.
attineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentum, intr.; with ad and acc., concern.
attingō, -tingere, -tigī, tāctus, tr., touch, visit.
attulī, see adferō.
auctiō, -ōnis, f., auction.
auctor, -ōris, m., proposer, backer, director; writer.
auctōritās, -ātis, f., authority, authorization, responsibility.
audācter, adv., boldly, with good courage.
audāx, -ācis, adj., bold, venturesome.
audeō, audēre, ausus sum, tr. and intr., dare, venture, mean.
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus, tr. and intr., hear, be within earshot, listen, listen to, attend the lectures of, learn.
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, ablātus, tr., carry off, carry away, take away.
Augusta, -ae, f., see Līvia.
Augustus, -ī, m., emperor 27 BCE-14 CE
aura, -ae, f., breeze, air; favor.
aureus, -a, -um, adj., golden, of gold, gold, gilded; as noun,
aureus, -ī, m., gold piece.
auris, -is, f., ear.
aurum, -ī, n., gold, gold plate.
auspicium -ī, n.; pl., auspices.
aut, conj., or; aut . . . aut, either . . . or.
autem, conj., but, however, on the other hand, for (his) part, etc.;moreover, and. See sīn.
auxilium, -ī, n., help, aid, reënforcements.
avārus, -a, -um, adj., greedy.
Avernus, -ī, m., a lake in Campania; the Lower World.
āvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus, tr., avert, turn away, turn(from), divert, call away.
avidē, adv., greedily, eagerly.
avidus, -a, -um, adj., greedy, eager.
avis, -is, f., bird.
avunculus, -ī, m., uncle (on mother’s side).
B
Babylōn, -ōnis, f., Babylon.
Babylōnius, -a, -um, adj., Babylonian.
Bacchus, -ī, m., the god of wine.
Bagrada, -ae, m., a river in northern Africa.
ballista, -ae, f., catapult.
balneum, -ī, n. (pl., balneae, -ārum, f.), bath.
barba, -ae, f., beard.
barbarus, -a, -um, adj., foreign, savage, barbarian; as noun,
barbarus, -ī, m., a barbarian.
beātus, -a, -um, adj., happy, blest.
bellātor, -ōris, m., warrior, fighter.
bellum, -ī, n., war. See sēdēs.
bellus, -a, -um, adj., bonny, charming.
bēlua, -ae, f., beast, monster, animal.
bene, adv., well, luckily; (die) happy. Sup., **optimē,**excellently, well; as exclam., good! excellent! See nūntiō.
Beneventum, -ī, n., a town in Samnium where Pyrrhus was defeated in275 BCE
benignē, adv., generously, kindly.
bēstia, -ae, f., beast, creature, animal, wild beast, wild animal,monster.
bibō, bibere, bibī, tr. and intr., drink.
Bīthȳnia, -ae, f., a district in Asia Minor.
blandē, adv., mildly, coaxingly, persuasively.
bōbus, see bōs.
Bonōnia, -ae, f., a town in northern Italy.
bonus, -a, -um, adj., good, excellent; sup. optimus, excellent;as noun, bonum, -ī, n., asset; pl., goods, fortune.
bōs, bovis, m. and f., ox, cow; pl., cattle.
bracchium, -ī, n., arm.
brevī, adv., shortly, soon.
brevis, -e, adj., short.
Britannī, -ōrum, m., the Britons.
Britannia, -ae, f., Britain.
Brundisium, -ī, n., an important seaport of southeast Italy.
C
C., abbrev. of Gāius.
cachinnus, -ī, m., shout of laughter; pl., laughter.
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrus, intr., fall, perish.
caecus, -a, -um, adj., blind.
caedēs, -is, f., killing, slaughter, loss, loss of blood.
caedō, caedere, cecīdī, caesus, tr., cut, hack at, slay.
caelum, -ī, n., sky, heaven.
Caesar, -aris, m., in particular, Julius Caesar; pl., the Caesars,the emperors.
Caesō, -ōnis, m., a name used in the Fabian family.
Calēdonia, -ae, f., Scotland.
caliga, -ae, f., half-boot.
cālīgō, -inis, f., mist.
Caligula, -ae, m., a popular name for the emperor Gaius Caesar, who reigned 37-41 CE
callidē, adv., skillfully, cleverly.
callidus, -a, -um, adj., canny, shrewd.
Calvīnī, -ōrum, m., name of a branch of Nero’s family.
calvitiēs, -ēī, f., baldness.
calvus, -a, -um, adj., bald; as noun, calvus, -ī, m.,baldheaded man.
camera, -ae, f., cabin.
Campānia, -ae, f., a district in Italy, south of Latium.
campus, -ī, m., field; Campus Mārtius (“Mars’ Field”), a district of Rome.
cancer, -crī, m., crab.
candidus, -a, -um, adj., white, shining.
canis, -is, m. and f., dog.
Cannēnsis, -e, adj., of Cannae, a city of southeast Italy.
canō, canere, cecinī, tr. and intr., sing, sing of, predict; play,sound.
cantō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., sing, chant.
cantus, -ūs, m., singing, music.
capella, -ae, f., goat.
Capēnus, -a, -um, adj., designation of one of the inner gates ofRome.
capillus, -ī, m., hair.
capiō, capere, cēpī, captus, tr., capture, make prisoner, take,catch, captivate, attract, gain, seize, partake of.
Capitōlium, -ī, n., the Capitol at Rome, the Capitoline Hill.
captīvus, -a, -um, adj., captive; as noun, captīvus, -ī, m.,prisoner.
captō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., catch, reach.
Capua, -ae, f., a town of Campania.
caput, -itis, n., head, source; chapter; in caput, headlong. See
damnō.
carcer, -eris, n., prison.
careo, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus, intr., abstain, be free (from); get along(without).
Cāria, -ae, f., a district of Asia Minor.
Carmēlus, -ī, m., Carmel, a mountain of Syria.
carmen, -inis, n., poem, lay, chant, song.
carō, carnis, f., flesh, meat.
carpō, carpere, carpsī, carptus, tr., pick; travel, pursue; itercarpere, journey, travel.
Carthāginiēnsēs, -ium, m., the Carthaginians.
Carthāgō, -inis, f., Carthage.
cārus, -a, -um, adj., dear, beloved; as noun, cārus, -ī, m.,dear one, darling.
casa, -ae, f., hut, cottage, cot.
castīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., reprove, scold, take to task.
castra, -ōrum, n., camp. See habeō and pōnō.
cāsus, -ūs, m., accident, chance; fate, misfortune; fall; case.
catēna, -ae, f., chain.
Catilīna, -ae, m., Lucius Sergius Catiline, leader of a conspiracy in Cicero’s time.
Catius, -ī, m., Quintus Catius, a Roman officer in the Second Punic War.
Catullus, -ī, m., a Roman poet of Cicero’s time.
Catulus, -ī, m., Quintus Lutatius Catulus, colleague of Marius in the consulship.
Caudīnus, see Furculae.
Caudium, -ī, n., a town in Samnium.
caupō, -ōnis, m., innkeeper.
causa, -ae, f., reason, cause, occasion; case, trial; abl.,
causā, for, as, for the sake (of), for the purpose (of).
cavea, -ae, f., cage.
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautus, tr. and intr., beware, take care, lookout; look out for, beware of; cavē, cavēte, with subj., don't.
caverna, -ae, f., cave.
cavus, -a, -um, adj., hollow; as noun, cavum, -ī, n., hole,retreat.
cedo, old imper., give.
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum, intr., turn out; proceed, pass off;shrink back, fall back, retreat.
celeritās, -ātis, f., speed, swiftness, hurry. See studeō.
celeriter, adv., quickly, swiftly, hastily, at once.
Celsus, -ī, m., Marcus Celsus, a friend of Cornelius.
cēna, -ae, f., dinner, feast.
cēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, intr., dine, take dinner; part.,
cēnātus, -a, -um, having dined.
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsus, tr., judge, guess, think; advise,suggest.
centum, indecl. num., one hundred.
centuriō, -ōnis, m., centurion.
cernō, cernere, crēvī, crētus, tr., see, notice, make out.
certāmen, -inis, n., contest, game, match, test, fight. See
dēscendō.
certē, adv., surely, certainly.
certō, adv., for certain, (know) well.
certus, -a, -um, adj., certain, sure, assured, definite, stated,fixed; clear; certum (neut.) esse, with dat., be determined;
certiōrem facere, inform; prō certō, for certain.
cervīx, -īcis, f., neck.
cēterus, -a, -um, adj., the rest of; pl., the other, other; as noun, cēterī, -ōrum, m., the others, others, the rest of, the other people.
Charōn, -ontis, m., the ferryman in the Lower World.
charta, -ae, f., sheet, page.
Chrīstiānus, -ī, m., a Christian.
Chrīstus, -ī, m., Christ.
cibus, -ī, m., food.
Cicerō, -ōnis, m., Marcus Tullius Cicero, consul in 63 BCE
Cimbrī, -ōrum, m., a people of northern Germany.
cinis, -eris, m., ashes.
circiter, adv., about.
circuitus, -ūs, m., detour; circumference.
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datus, tr., surround, girdle.
circumspiciō, -spicere, -spexī, -spectus, tr. and intr., lookaround; survey, scan, view.
circumstō, -stāre, -stetī, tr. and intr., gather round, stand about.
circumveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus, tr., hem in, encircle; cheat.
citrō, adv., see ultrō.
citus, -a, -um, adj., swift, fast.
cīvis, -is, m. and f., citizen; pl., people.
cīvitās, -ātis, f., state, country.
clādēs, -is, f., disaster, defeat, ruin, loss, loss of life.
clam, adv., secretly, stealthily, undetected, unobserved.
clāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., cry, cry out, shout, scream.
clāmor, -ōris, m., shout, cry, outcry.
clārē, adv., loudly, in a loud voice, in an audible voice.
clārus, -a, -um, adj., famous, illustrious; bright; loud.
classis, -is, f., fleet.
Claudia, -ae, f., name of a Roman matron.
Claudius, -ī, m., emperor 41-54 CE; Gaius Claudius Nero, acommander in the Second Punic War.
claudō, claudere, clausī, clausus, tr., close, encircle.
claudus, -a, -um, adj., lame.
clēmenter, adv., mercifully, gently, mildly.
clēmentia, -ae, f., mercy, clemency.
cloāca, -ae, f., sewer.
Cn., abbrev. of Gnaeus.
coepī, -isse, tr., began.
cōgitātiō, -ōnis, f., thought, thoughts.
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., think, think of.
cognātus, -ī, m., blood relation, relative.
cognōmen, -inis, n., nickname, byname.
cognōscō, -nōscere, -nōvī, -nitus, tr., learn, find, hear, be informed, know; try (a case). See studium.
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus, tr., force, oblige, compel, constrain;gather, mass, concentrate, mobilize; pass., must; gather.
cohors, -rtis, f., cohort.
cohortātiō, -ōnis, f., encouragement, suggestion, request.
collātus, see cōnferō.
collēga, -ae, m., colleague.
colligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctus, tr., collect, gather.
collis, -is, m., hill.
collocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., put, place, station, establish, setup; pass., be situated, stand, lie.
colloquor, -loquī, -locūtus sum, intr., talk, converse, exchangewords.
collum, -ī, n., neck.
columba, -ae, f., dove.
Cōmēnsēs, -ium, m., the people of Comum.
comes, -itis, m. and f., attendant, companion.
cōmitās, -ātis, f., courtesy, kindliness, consideration, politeness.
cōmiter, adv., affably, kindly.
comitor, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr., attend, accompany.
commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., tell, mention, relate.
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., intrust, commit, assign,expose; do (wrong), join (battle); pass., (of a battle) befought, take place.
commodē, adv., readily, conveniently, comfortably.
commodō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., lend, loan.
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtus, tr., stir, shake, disturb, stir up, alarm, excite, work up, move, actuate, interest.
commūnis, -e, adj., common; in commūne, in common.
comparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., provide, supply, get ready,acquire, store up; compare.
comperiō, -perīre, -perī, -pertus, tr., discover, find out, know.
compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētus, tr., fill, fill up; part. as adj., complētus, -a, -um, full.
complexus, -ūs, m., embrace; arms.
complūrēs, -a, adj., several, some, a few, quite a number of.
compōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus, tr., settle, adjust.
comprehendō, -prehendere, -prehendī, -prehēnsus, tr., arrest.
comprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressus, tr., check, stop, imprison.
comprobō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., show, demonstrate.
Cōmum, -ī, n., a town of northern Italy.
concēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus, tr. and intr., yield, withdraw.
concha, -ae, f., shell.
concidō, -ere, -cidī, intr., collapse, fall, fall back.
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., spur, spur on, stir up, cause.
conclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., cry, raise the cry.
conclāve, -is, n., room.
concurrō, -ere, -currī or -cucurrī, -cursum, intr., come running,concentrate.
concutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussus, tr., shake, knock together.
condiciō, -ōnis, f., condition, terms, overture.
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditus, tr., store away, hide, place, bury, layto rest; found (a city); close, shut (eyes); sē condere, hide.
condūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., hire, pay.
cōnferō, -ferre, contulī, collātus, tr., bring together, match,compare; contribute, put off (upon), apply; sē cōnferre, betake oneself, proceed.
cōnfertus, -a, -um, adj., thick packed, closely packed, in close array.
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus, tr., finish, finish up, make up,complete; work up, manufacture, make, accomplish, adjust; write (a book); wear out, debase, defile; break, kill.
cōnfirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., ratify, steady, strengthen,reassure; declare.
cōnfiteor, -fitērī, -fessus sum, tr., admit, confess.
cōnflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxī, -flīctum, intr., fight.
cōnfundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsus, tr., unite, combine; fill,oppress.
congerō, -gerere, -gessī, -gestus, tr., heap, pile up; load, pack(into).
congredior, -gredī, -gressus sum, intr., join battle, engage in battle, meet in battle, meet.
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus, tr., throw, hurl, cast; imagine,suppose, guess, conjecture.
coniectūra, -ae, f., estimate, guess; detection.
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctus, tr., join, unite, attach; sēconiungere, make common cause (with).
coniūnx, -ugis, m. and f., husband, wife.
coniūrātiō, -ōnis, f., conspiracy.
cōnor, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr., try, attempt, aim at.
cōnscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsus, tr. and intr., board (a ship), mount up, climb up.
cōnsector, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr., pursue, follow.
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum, tr. and intr., follow, come on,follow after, catch up, overtake.
cōnserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertus, tr., join; **manum cōnserere,**join battle.
cōnservō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., preserve, save.
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessum, intr., sit down, settle down, take up a position.
cōnsilium, -ī, n., plan, design, advice.
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitum, intr., stop, halt, take (one’s)stand, come to a halt.
cōnsōpiō, -sōpīre, ——, -sōpītus, tr., put to sleep, lull, overcome(by sleep); pass., fall asleep, slumber; part. as adj.,
cōnsōpītus, -a, -um, sound asleep.
cōnspectus, -ūs, m., sight.
cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spexī, -spectus, tr., see, sight, watch, view.
cōnstanter, adv., coolly, without wavering.
cōnsternō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., stampede; part. as adj.,
cōnsternātus, -a, -um, in a panic.
cōnsternō, -ere, -strāvī, -strātus, tr., cover, strew.
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus, tr., arrange, appoint,designate, determine, decide, settle, plan; station; part. as adj.,
cōnstitūtus, -a, -um, appointed.
cōnsul, -ulis, m., consul.
cōnsulātus, -ūs, m., consulship.
cōnsulō, -sulere, -suluī, -sultus, tr., and intr., consult,consider.
cōnsultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, intr., deliberate, consuit.
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptus, tr., use up, eat, eat up,destroy, burn up; pass (time).
contāminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., debase, disgrace.
contegō, -tegere, -tēxī, -tēctus, tr., cover, conceal, screen.
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus, intr., fight; push on, proceed,make (one’s) way, journey (toward).
contentus, -a, -um, adj., satisfied.
continēns, -entis, part. as adj., unbroken, continuous; as noun,
continēns, -entis, f., continent.
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus, tr., check, restrain, control,keep control of, keep; pass., refrain; sē continēre, keep.
contrā, prep. with acc., against, over against.
contrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -tractus, tr., undertake (business),incur (ill-will), shorten (sail).
contrārius, -a, -um, adj., opposite; ē contrāriō, on the contrary.
contrōversia, -ae, f., dispute.
contumēlia, -ae, f., insult.
conturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., disturb, dismay, upset.
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus, tr. and intr., meet, come together, gather.
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus, tr., turn; draw (eyes).
convīva, -ae, m. and f., guest, banqueter.
coorior, -orīrī, -ortus sum, intr., rise, arise, break out.
cōpia, -ae, f., supply, means (of making), crop; pl., supplies,forces, troops.
coquus, -ī, m., cook.
corbula, -ae, f., basket.
Corfīnium, -ī, n., a town of east central Italy.
Cornēlia, -ae, f., daughter of Cornelius.
Cornēlius, -ī, m., a Roman family name; Cornelius Nepos, a Roman writer of Cicero’s time.
cornū, -ūs, n., horn; wing (of an army).
corōna, -ae, f., crown, prize.
corpus, -oris, n., body.
corruō, -ruere, -ruī, intr., collapse, fall.
corvus, -ī, m., raven.
cotīdiē, adv., every day, daily.
crās, adv., tomorrow.
Crassus, -ī, m., Marcus Crassus, the triumvir.
Crāstinus, -ī, m., a man’s nickname.
crēber, -bra, -brum, adj., frequent.
crēdibilis, -e, adj., credible.
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus, tr. and intr., believe, suppose, think.
Cremōna, -ae, f., a city of northern Italy.
Cremōnēnsēs, -ium, m., the people of Cremona.
crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum, intr., increase, grow.
Crēta, -ae, f., Crete.
Crētēnsēs, -ium, m., the people of Crete.
crūdēlis, -e, adj., cruel.
crūdēlitās, -ātis, f., cruelty, harshness.
cruentus, -a, -um, adj., bloody, gory, dripping.
crūs, crūris, n., leg.
crux, crucis, f., cross; crux mala, mischief, destruction. See
agō.
cubō, -āre, -uī, -itum, intr., rest, (go) to bed.
culīna, -ae, f., kitchen.
culpa, -ae, f., fault.
cultus, -ūs, m., cult, worship, civilization, dress.
cum, conj., when, while, as, since, after; cum primum, as soon as.
cum, prep. with abl., with, along with, by (oneself). See ūnā.
cupidē, adv., eagerly.
cupiditās, -ātis, f., desire, greed, cupidity.
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, tr. and intr., be eager, desire, want.
cūr, conj., why?
cūra, -ae, f., care, anxiety.
Curius, -ī, m., Manius Curius, victor over Pyrrhus at Beneventum,275 BCE
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., see to it, arrange; arrange for, look after, take care of, attend to, be interested in; perform (a sacrifice).
currus, -ūs, m., chariot.
cursitō, -āre, intr., run about, keep running.
cursor, -ōris, m., runner, courier.
cursus, -ūs, m., race, running, course, track; speed, dash. See incitō.
Curtius, -a, -um, adj., of Curtius.
Curtius, -ī, m., Marcus Curtius, a legendary hero of the Romans.
custōdia, -ae, f., charge, custody.
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus, tr., watch, guard, keep safe, keep.
custōs, -ōdis, m., guard, watcher.
Cyanē, -ēs, f., a nymph and spring in Sicily.
Cyclōps, -ōpis, m., a one-eyed monster.
cymba, -ae, f., skiff.
D
Daedalus, -ī, m., the mythical inventor of wings for men.
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., condemn; capitis damnāre, condemn to death.
damnum, -ī, n., loss, damage.
Dāmoclēs, -is, m., a flatterer of Dionysius.
Danaus, -ī, m., a mythical king of Libya.
(daps), dapis, f., feast.
dē, prep. with abl., from, of, about, concerning. See fīō.
dea, -ae, f., goddess.
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, tr. and intr., ougnt; part. as adj.,
dēbitus, -a, -um, owed, due.
decem, indecl. num., ten.
dēcernō, -cernere, -crēvī, -crētus, tr., decree, assign.
dēcerpō, -cerpere, -cerpsī, -cerptus, tr., pluck, gather, take.
dēcertō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., decide issue, fight to an issue,fight to the death; meet in battle.
decet, decēre, decuit, impers.; lit., it beseems, it is seemly.
decimus, -a, -um, num. adj., tenth.
dēcipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus, tr., mislead, deceive.
Decius, -ī, m., see Mūs.
dēdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., dedicate, make sacred.
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus, tr., surrender; part. as adj.,
dēditus, -a, -um, devoted.
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., carry away, lead away, takeaway, bring out, derive, launch; lead, conduct, take, carry, bring.
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsus, tr., protect, defend.
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus, tr., convey, bear, bring, carry,deliver, report, award, present; pass., fall (into).
dēfessus, -a, -um, adj., tired, wearied out.
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus, tr. and intr., fail, run out,faint, fade, be in eclipse.
dēfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxus, tr., stick (in), cause to stop.
deinde, adv., then, afterward.
dēlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sum, intr., slip off, fall down.
dēlectātiō, -ōnis, f., pleasure, entertainment, delight.
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., please, delight, divert, interest;pass., take pleasure, delight, be interested; get along (with).
dēleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -ētus, tr., destroy.
dēligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., fasten, station (ships).
dēlirō, -āre, intr., be insane.
dēmenter, adv., wildly, madly.
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., let down, let drop, lower;
sē dēmittere, come down; part. as adj., dēmissus, -a, -um,downcast.
dēmōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., point out, point at.
dēmum, adv., at length, at last, finally.
dēnique, adv., finally, at length.
dēns, dentis, m., tooth, fang.
dēnsus, -a, -um, adj., thick.
dēnuō, adv., again, once again, once more.
dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus, tr., dispel, avert; slake(thirst).
dēplōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., lament, wail, mourn for.
dēprōmō, -prōmere, -prōmpsī, -prōmptus, tr., bring out, set out, set forth, serve.
dēpugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., fight it out, fight to the death.
dērīdeō, -rīdēre, -rīsī, -rīsus, tr., mock, make fun of, laugh at.
dēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptus, tr., tear off, tear.
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsum, intr., go down, come down,march down, alight, dismount, disembark; in certāmen dēscendere, entercontest.
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertus, tr., desert, leave, fail; part.as adj., dēsertus, -a, -um, deserted, uninhabited; locus dēsertus,desert.
dēsignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., indicate.
dēsiliō, -silīre, -siluī, -sultum, intr., leap down.
dēsinō, -sinere, -siī, -situm, intr., cease, stop.
dēsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitum, intr., cease.
dēspērātiō, -ōnis, f., despair.
dēspērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., lose heart, give up hope of.
dēspiciō, -spicere, -spexī, -spectus, tr. and intr., look down;scorn.
dēstinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., have in mind, plan, design,appoint.
dēstitī, see dēsistō.
dēstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus, tr., desert, abandon.
dēstringō, -stringere, -strīnxī, -strictus, tr., draw.
dētegō, -tegere, -tēxī, -tēctus, tr., uncover, discover.
dēterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territus, tr., drive away, warn off,frighten off; stop, deter.
dētrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -tractus, tr., draw out, take out, pull off, detach.
deus, -ī, m., god.
dēversōrium, -ī, n., inn.
dēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus, tr. and intr., turn (to), be a visitor, go, turn for entertainment (to); with ad and acc., put upat, take quarters at, take quarters with; in hospitium dēvertere,with gen., be entertained by.
dēvincō, -vincere, -vīcī, -victus, tr., defeat utterly, overwhelm,rout.
dēvoveō, -vovēre, -vōvī, -vōtus, tr., doom, consecrate to death,sacrifice.
dexter, -tra, -trum, adj., right.
Diāna, -ae, f., goddess of hunting.
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus, tr., say, speak, tell, orate, repeat;refer to, mention, mean; express; sing (praises); use (a word).See male and rēctē.
dictātor, -ōris, m., dictator.
Dīdō, -ūs, f., queen of Carthage.
dīdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., pull (apart).
diēs, -ēī, m. and f., day, daylight; in diēs, from day to day.
differō, -ferre, distulī, dīlātus, tr., put off, postpone.
difficilis, -e, adj., hard, difficult.
digitus, -ī, m., finger.
dignus, -a, -um, adj., worthy, deserving, suited; worth (doing,etc.), (sup.) well worth; dignus esse, deserve (to); dignum est,lit., it beseems, it befits. See satis.
dīiūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., look into, settle.
dīlaniō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., tear to pieces.
dīligenter, adv., diligently, carefully, with interest.
dīligentia, -ae, f., diligence, care.
dīmētior, -mētīrī, -mēnsus, tr., survey.
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., fight.
dīmidium, -ī, n., half.
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., send away, dismiss, let go,release, allow to go, allow to go free, give up, allow to slip, let fall; leave, dismiss, send back; dispatch.
Diogenēs, -is, m., a Greek philosopher, born in the fifth centuryBCE
Dionȳsius, -ī, m., a tyrant of Syracuse.
dīrigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctus, tr., direct, steer.
dīripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptus, tr., pillage, plunder.
dīrus, -a, -um, adj., awful, dreadful.
Dīs, Dītis, m., god of the Lower World, i.e., Pluto.
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessum, intr., withdraw, depart, leave,go off, walk away, move away, pass off, disappear, fade; scatter, part,go; (of time) pass.
discerpō, -cerpere, -cerpsī, -cerptus, tr., tear up, tear to pieces,destroy.
discindō, -scindere, -scidī, -scissus, tr., tear, rend, split.
disciplīna, -ae, f., training.
discō, discere, didicī, tr., learn, study.
discrīmen, -inis, n., peril, crisis, issue.
discurrō, -currere, -currī and -cucurrī, -cursum, intr., runabout, scamper, scatter.
dispōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus, tr., post, station; pass.,recline, be seated.
disputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., argue, discuss.
dissēnsiō, -ōnis, f., quarrel.
dissipō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., scatter; part. as adj.,
dissipātus, -a, -um, scattered.
distendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus, tr., swell; part. as adj.,
distentus, -a, -um, racked.
distō, -āre, intr., be distant.
distulī, see differō.
diū, adv., long, for a long time. See iam and nōn.
dīvellō, -vellere, -vellī, -vulsus, tr., pull open, separate.
dīversus, -a, -um, adj., different, opposite.
dīves, -itis, adj., rich.
dīvīnus, -a, -um, adj., divine. See rēs.
dīvitiae, -ārum, f., riches.
dīvulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr.; pass., go the rounds; impers.,
dīvulgātur, the news spreads.
dō, dare, dedī, datus, tr., give, grant, provide, present, offer,consign, give over, pay; dispatch, send, intrust (a letter); pass.,be; operam dare, help; poenās dare, pay the penalty, be punished;part. as adj., datus, -a, -um, incidental. See mūtuus.
doceō, -ēre, -uī, doctus, tr., teach, show, point out, tell.
doleō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus, tr. and intr., grieve, be sorry, regret,be displeased; be sorry for, regret; hurt.
dolor, -ōris, m., pain, distress, chagrin, grief, regret.
dolus, -ī, m., trick, stratagem, strategy.
domina, -ae, f., mistress.
dominus, -ī, m., owner, master.
Domitiānus, -ī, m., Domitian, emperor 81-96 CE
Domitius, -a, -um, adj., Domitian.
Domitius, -ī, m., Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Nero’s name before adoption; Lucius Domitius, an ancestor of Nero; Lucius Domitius, apartisan of Pompey.
domus, -ūs, f., home, residence, abode, house.
dōnec, conj., until.
dōnum, -ī, n., gift, boon, offering.
dormiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum, intr., sleep, be asleep.
Drūsilla, -ae, f., wife of Cornelius.
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., doubt, be in doubt, hesitate,consider.
dubius, -a, -um, adj., doubtful; as noun, dubium, -ī, n.,doubt.
dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductus, tr., lead, draw, take, take away, haul,carry; derive; construct, build; command (a company); acquire (adefect); in mātrimōnium dūcere, marry.
dūdum, see iam.
dulcis, -e, adj., sweet, pleasant; fresh (water).
dum, conj., while, as, as long as, until.
dummodo, conj., if only, provided only.
duo, -ae, -o, num. adj., two.
dūrus, -a, -um, adj., hard, severe.
dux, ducis, m. and f., leader, commander; dux viae, guide,conductor.
E
ē, ex, prep. with abl., from, as a result of, out of, out from, off of; of (partit.); (depend) on. See contrārius, intervāllum, latus(lateris), pars, and proximus.
ēbrius, -a, -um, adj., intoxicated.
eburneus, -a, -um, adj., (of) ivory.
ecce, interj., see, lo, behold!
ecquis, ecquid, interrog. pron., anyone? anything? in indirectquest., whether anything, etc.
ēdictum, -ī, n., edict, order.
edō, edere, ēdī, ēsus, tr., eat.
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus, tr., utter; do, cause; give, hold(games); put on (a show); render (a service).
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., bring out, lead out, lead forth, conduct out, withdraw.
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātus, tr., carry out, carry away, bring out, bring away; extol, laud; elate, set up.
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus, tr., bring about, grant (that).
effodiō, -fodere, -fōdī, -fossus, tr., dig up; scratch out, knockout.
effugiō, -fugere, -fūgī, tr. and intr., escape, get away, rush(out).
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsus, tr., pour out, spill, shed;pass., sprawl, burst forth, be dissolved; sē effundere, burst out;part. as adj., effūsus, -a, -um, quick, full (speed).
egeō, -ēre, -uī, intr., call for, be in need (of).
ego, meī, pers. pron., I; (oblique cases) myself.
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressus sum, intr., come out, come forth, go out,go forth, emerge; depart, descend, land; (with ab and abl.) leave,march (out); ex nāvī ēgredī, disembark.
ēgregius, -a, -um, adj., preëminent, noteworthy, noble, fine,splendid, unusual, peerless.
ēheu, interj., alas, oh dear!
ēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus, tr., cast forth, cast up.
ēlātus: see efferō.
elephantus, -ī, m., elephant.
ēlīdō, -līdere, -līsī, -līsus, tr., crush, dash.
ēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctus, tr., select, choose, single out,pick up.
ēlūdō, -lūdere, -lūsī, -lūsus, tr., deceive, trick, mock; escape.
ēmergō, -mergere, -mersī, -mersum, intr., rise, issue, scramble out.
ēmicō, -micāre, -micuī, -micātum, intr., dart forth, shine out.
emō, emere, ēmī, ēmptus, tr., buy.
ēmptor, -ōris, m., buyer, owner.
enim, conj., for.
ēnīxē, adv., earnestly.
ēnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., say, announce.
eō, adv., thither, to that place, there; to it, into it. See quōand usque.
eō, īre, iī, itum, intr., go, come; (of time) pass. See
obviam.
eōdem, adv., to the same place.
epistula, -ae, f., letter.
Eporedia, -ae, f., a town of northwestern Italy.
eques, -itis, m., horseman, knight; pl., cavalry.
equester, -tris, -tre, adj., cavalry.
equus, -ī, m., horse.
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctus, tr., rouse.
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptus, tr., take away, snatch, snatch away, rescue.
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., stray, range, roam, wander, go astray, be deceived, be mistaken, be wrong.
error, -ōris, m., mistake, error; winding.
ērubēscō, -rubēscere, -rubuī, intr., blush.
ērumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptum, intr., burst out, burst forth,break out, rush (out).
erus, -ī, m., master.
ēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsus, tr. and intr., climb, climb(into), climb up, step up, scramble up, mount (into); mount, mount to;get in.
ēsuriō, -īre, ——, -ītūrus, intr., be hungry.
et, conj., and, also; et . . . et, both . . . and; et ipse, he also.
etiam, adv., even, also; will you! See modo, and quīn etiam.
Etrūria, -ae, f., a district in Italy north of Latium.
etsī, conj., although.
euax, interj., hurrah, goody!
euge, interj., bravo, good!
eugepae, interj., gracious, goodness!
Eumenēs, -is, m., king of Pergamum in the time of Hannibal.
Eurydicē, -ēs, f., wife of Orpheus.
ēvādō, -vādere, -vāsī, -vāsum, intr., escape, make (oneÆs) way,disappear; end.
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventum, intr., turn out, come about,happen.
ēventus, -ūs, m., issue, fact, outcome, end.
ēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus, tr., overturn, destroy.
ēvocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., call, call out.
ēvulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., spread; pass., get abroad.
ex, see ē.
exanimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr.; pass., die; part. as adj.,
exanimātus, -a, -um, prostrated, fainting, dead.
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessum, intr., go out; with abl., leave.
excidō, -cidere, -cidī, intr., fall, fall off.
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus, tr., except; catch up; cut off(fugitives).
excitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., rouse, stimulate, stir up, summon.
excōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., think, think up.
excutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussus, tr., shake out, shake off, throw(from), spill, startle (from).
exemplum, -ī, n., example, case, copy.
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itum, intr., go (out), go forth, come out, come forth, venture out.
exerceō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, tr., exercise, work, drill, train; sē exercēre, practice.
exercitus, -ūs, m., army.
exhauriō, -haurīre, -hausī, -haustus, tr., pump up, exhaust.
exhibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitus, tr., display, show, cause; give(a show); molestiam exhibēre (with dat.), bother.
exigō, -igere, -ēgī, -āctus, tr., call for; pass (time).
eximius, -a, -um, adj., great, excellent, peerless.
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., think, judge.
exitus, -ūs, m., issue, end, outcome, ending, death; outlet, way of escape.
exōrdior, -ōrdīrī, -ōrsus sum, tr., begin, start.
exorior, -orīrī, -ortus sum, intr., rise, arise; burst out.
expedītiō, -ōnis, f., expedition.
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus, tr., expel, drive (from).
expergīscor, -pergīscī, -perrēctus sum, intr., rouse up, wake up.
experior, -perīrī, -pertus sum, tr., try, test.
expīlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., pillage.
explōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., explore, examine, spy out, look into; part. as adj., explōrātus, -a, -um, certain.
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus, tr., expose; lay out; land; set forth, explain, narrate, tell.
exprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressus, tr., set forth, express.
exprobrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., taunt, proclaim.
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., take by storm, take, subdue.
exquīrō, -quīrere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītus, tr., inquire into, study into, seek out, find out.
exsiliō, -silīre, -siluī, intr., leap up, leap out, leap.
exsilium, -ī, n., exile.
exsistō, -sistere, -stitī, intr., occur.
exspectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., expect, wait, await,wait for.
exstruō, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctus, tr., erect, build, construct,put up, pile up; set forth; cover, spread, load (a table).
exsulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., be an exile.
extrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -tractus, tr., protract, drag out, draw.
extrēmus, -a, -um, adj., farthest, remotest, far away; end of, edge of.
extulī, see efferō.
Fabius, -a, -um, adj., Fabian.
Fabius, -ī, m., Quintus Fabius Maximus, opponent of Hannibal; Caeso Fabius, leader in a war with Veii; pl., the Fabii.
Fabricius, -ī, m., Gaius Fabricius, opponent of Pyrrhus.
fābula, -ae, f., story.
facētus, -a, -um, adj., witty, funny.
faciēs, -ēī, f., appearance.
facile, adv., easily.
facilis, -e, adj., easy.
facinus, -oris, n., deed, action, undertaking; crime.
faciō, facere, fēcī, factus, tr., do, make, act, commit; celebrate (marriage), grant, give (permission), kindle (fire), suffer (loss), write (verses); iter facere, journey, travel; impetum facere, attack; stīpendia facere, serve (in army); fac, see that; with gen. of value, count, hold, think, regard, care for. See certus, fīō, parvus, and tantus.
factiō, -ōnis, f., faction, party.
factum, -ī, n., deed, action, thing; pl., doings.
facultās, -ātis, f., opportunity, privilege.
Falēriī, -ōrum, m., a town in Etruria.
Falernus, -a, -um, adj., Falernian, designation of a district inLatium and Campania.
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsus, tr., fail, slip, disappoint; belie,deceive, mislead; escape, give the slip to; break (word); pass., be mistaken.
falsō, adv., falsely.
fāma, -ae, f., report, fame, story.
famēs, -is, f., hunger.
familia, -ae (and -ās), f., family; retinue, establishment (of slaves).
familiāris, -is, m., intimate friend, intimate, close friend, crony;
rēs familiāris, property.
fānum, -ī, n., shrine; Fānum Fortūnae, a town in Umbria.
fatīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., weary, tire out.
fātum, -ī, n.; sing. and pl., fate.
Faventia, -ae, f., a city of northern Italy.
fax, facis, f., firebrand; pl., fire.
fefellī, see fallō.
fēlīciter, adv., successfully, fortunately, with good fortune,happily, well. See gerō.
fēlix, -īcis, adj., lucky, happy.
fēmina, -ae, f., woman.
fenestra, -ae, f., window.
fera, -ae, f., wild animal, wild beast.
ferē, adv., almost, about. feriō, ferīre, tr., strike, strike upon.
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus, tr., carry, bring, give (help); bear,endure, stand against, put up with; say, represent, relate; (fate)inclines; (way) leads; pass., roll. See obviam.
Fērōnia, -ae, f., a nymph and fountain of Latium.
ferreus, -a, -um, adj., of iron.
ferrum, -ī, n., steel, sword.
fessus, -a, -um, adj., weary, tired.
fictilis, -e, adj., of earthenware.
Fīdēnae, -ārum, f., a town just north of Rome.
fidēs, -eī, f., honor, loyalty, pledge, agreement, word; protection;confidence, belief. See habeō.
fīlia, -ae, f., daughter.
fīliola, -ae, f., little daughter.
fīlius, fīlī, m., son.
fīlum, -ī, n., thread.
findō, findere, fidī, fissus, tr., split.
fingō, fingere, fīnxī, fictus, tr., invent, make up.
fīnis, -is, m., end, ending, goal, close, place; death; pl.,territory.
fīnitimus, -a, -um, adj., nearby, neighboring; pl., neighboring peoples.
fīō, fierī, factus sum, intr., become, be, be done, be made, be built; develop, come about, happen, occur, take place, go on; with abl.(with or without dē), become (of); fīat, very well, very good, allright. See faciō, obviam, and obvius.
Flaccus, -ī, m., Horatius Flaccus, the poet Horace.
flagrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., take fire, blaze, burn.
Flāminius, -a, -um, adj., Flaminian, designation of a road leading north from Rome.
Flāminius, -ī, m., Gaius Flaminius, a Roman consul, who fell in the Battle of Lake Trasimenus, 217 BCE
flamma, -ae, f., flame, fire.
flāvus, -a, -um, adj., yellow.
fleō, flēre, flēvī, flētus, tr. and intr., cry, weep.
flōs, flōris, m., flower.
flūctus, -ūs, m., wave, billow; pl., water.
flūmen, -inis, n., river.
fodiō, fodere, fōdī, fossus, tr., dig.
foedus, -a, -um, adj., shocking, dreadful, shameful, disgraceful,horrid.
folium, -i, n., leaf.
fōmentum, -ī, n., remedy, lotion.
fōns, fontis, m., spring, well.
forās, adv., with verb of motion, outdoors.
foris, -is, f.; pl., door.
forīs, adv., with verb of rest, outdoors, outside.
fōrma, -ae, f., beauty, shape, condition.
forsitan, adv., perchance, by chance, perhaps.
fortasse, adv., perhaps.
forte, adv., by chance, perchance. See sī.
fortis, -e, adj., brave, steady.
fortiter, adv., bravely, courageously.
fortuītus, -a, -um, adj., a matter of chance, chance.
fortūna, -ae, f., fortune, good fortune; personified, Fortune.See fānum.
fortūnātus, -a, -um, adj., blest, blessed, lucky. See īnsula.
forum, -ī, n., forum. See Appī Forum.
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctus, tr., break, crack.
frāter, -tris, m., brother.
fremitus, -ūs, m., roaring, confusion.
frīgus, -oris, n., chill, cold.
Frīsiī, -ōrum, m., a people of northern Germany.
frōns, frontis, f., forehead; in fronte, in front.
frūmentum, -ī, n., grain; pl., crops.
frūstrā, adv., in vain, to no purpose, without reason, all for nothing.
Fūfius, -ī, m., the name of an actor.
fuga, -ae, f., flight, retreat, rout, escape.
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus, tr. and intr., flee, run, take to flight; flee from, leave; part. as adj., fugiēns, -entis, soaring;as noun, m., fugitive.
fugitīvus, -a, -um, adj., runaway; as noun, fugitīvus, -ī, m.,runaway slave.
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., put to flight, chase, rout, defeat.
fulgeō, fulgēre, fulsī, intr., shine; part. as adj., fulgēns, -entis, gleaming.
fulgor, -ōris, n., glow, flashing.
fūmus, -ī, m., smoke.
funda, -ae, f., sling.
fundāmentum, -ī, n., foundation.
Fundī, -ōrum, m., a town in Latium.
fundō, fundere, fūdī, fūsus, tr., let flow, scatter.
fundus, -ī, m., farm; bottom.
fungor, fungī, fūnctus sum, intr., perform.
fūnis, -is, m., rope, cable.
fūnus, -eris, n., funeral, burial, death.
fūr, fūris, m., thief.
furca, -ae, f., pitchfork.
furcifer, -erī, m._, gallows bird, villain.
Furculae (-ārum, f.) Caudīnae, the Caudine Forks in Campania,where the Romans were defeated by the Samnites, 331 BCE
fūrtim, adv., stealthily, quietly.
fūstis, -is, m., stick, club.
Gāius, Gāī, m., a boy’s or man’s name.
Galba, -ae, m., Servius Galba, emperor 68-69 CE
galērus, -ī, m., wig.
Gallī, -ōrum, m., the Gauls.
Gallia, -ae, f., Gaul; Gallia Trānsalpīna, Transalpine Gaul.
Gallicus, -a, -um, adj., Gallic.
gallīna, -ae, f., chicken.
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus sum, intr., be glad, rejoice, be pleased,revel (in).
gaudium, -ī, n., joy.
gelidus, -a, -um, adj., cold, cool.
gelus, -ūs, m., frost, icy coldness, chill.
gemma, -ae, f., precious stone, gem.
Gemōniae, -ārum, f., the steps down which the bodies of criminals were dragged to the Tiber.
generōsus, -a, -um, adj., chivalrous, noble.
gēns, gentis, f., nation, race, people, family, clan.
genus, -eris, n., kind, class, sort, breed; method.
Germānī, -ōrum, m., the Germans.
Germānia, -ae, f., Germany.
Germānicus, -a, -um, adj., in Germany.
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus, tr., conduct, wear, wage (war); sē gerere, act, behave; rem fēlīciter gerere, be successful, fight with good fortune. See rēs.
gigās, -antis, m., giant.
gladiātor, -ōris, m., gladiator.
gladius, -ī, m., sword.
glōria, -ae, f., glory.
glōrior, -ārī, -ātus sum, intr., boast, exult.
Gnaeus, -ī, m., a boy’s or man’s name.
gradus, -ūs, m., step, pace. See addō.
Graecia, -ae, f., Greece.
grandis, -e, adj., great, large amount of.
grātia, -ae, f., favor, influence, appreciation, gratitude; pl.,thanks; abl. grātiā, for the sake (of), to. See valeō.
grātus, -a, -um, adj., acceptable, pleasing, welcome, delightful.
gravis, -e, adj., heavy, severe, serious, grievous; weighed down.
graviter, adv., heavily, seriously, grievously.
gremium, -ī, n., bosom, embrace, arms.
grex, gregis, m., herd.
gubernātor, -ōris, m., helmsman.
gustō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., break (one’s) fast, take a snack, take lunch, taste, get a taste of.
Gȳgēs, -is, m., finder of the magic ring.
H
habēna, -ae, f., rein.
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, tr., have, be provided with, hold, keep,maintain; regard, consider, take (for); celebrate (games), deliver (a speech), feel (gratitude), pay (honor); put (confidence in);pass., (of talk) go on; castra habēre, encamp; fidem habēre,believe; ita habēre, treat so; lūdibriō habēre, make a mock,laughing-stock (of); nōn habēre, not know; rēs ita sē habēre, such be the fact; satis habēre, be satisfied; sē habēre, feel, be, stand;
sē rēctē habēre, be all right.
habitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., live, dwell.
habitus, -ūs, m., dress; posture.
Hadriānus, -ī, m., Hadrian, emperor 117-138 CE
Hadriāticus, -a, -um, adj., Adriatic.
hahahae, indecl., the sound of a laugh.
Hamilcar, -aris, m., the father of Hannibal.
Hannibal, -alis, m., Hannibal.
harēna, -ae, f., sand, strand, beach; arena.
harundō, -inis, f., reed.
Hasdrubal, -alis, m., the brother of Hannibal.
haud, adv., by no means, not at all, not; haud procul, hard by (= very near).
hauriō, haurīre, hausī, haustus, tr., draw, drink, swallow, swallow up.
Hector, -oris, m., a Trojan hero.
heia, interj., hey-day, whoops!
herba, -ae, f., grass; pl., grass, vegetation.
Herculēs, -is, m., Hercules; hercle, by Hercules, by Jove! See nūntiō.
herī, adv., yesterday.
heu, interj., alas!
heus (monosyl.), interj., ho there, hello!
hiātus, -ūs, m., cleft, hole.
hībernus, -a, -um, adj., of winter, winter; as noun, hīberna,-ōrum, n., winter quarters.
hīc, adv., here, in this neighborhood.
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. and adj., this, this next, this coming,this last; that; such; hāc nocte, tonight; hic . . . ille, the one. . . the other; as noun, this man, etc.; neut. pl., this. See proximus.
hiems, hiemis, f., winter.
Hierosolyma, -ōrum, n., Jerusalem.
hilaris, -e, adj., cheerful, joyful, in good spirits.
hinc, adv., from here, from this.
Hippomenēs, -ae, m., victor in the race with Atalanta.
Hispānia, -ae, f., Spain.
Historia (-ae, f.) Nātūrālis, Natural History, a work of the elder Pliny.
hodiē, adv., today.
homō, -inis, m. and f., man, fellow, person; pl., people.
honor, -ōris, m., honor.
hōra, -ae, f., hour.
Horātius (-ī, m.) Flaccus, the Roman poet Horace.
horrendus, -a, -um, adj., awful, alarming, frightful, dreadful;gruff (voice).
horrēscō, horrēscere, horruī, intr., shudder, shake.
hortor, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr., encourage, urge.
hospes, -itis, m., stranger, guest, guest-friend.
hospitium, -ī, n., entertainment, hospitality, cheer. See accipiō, dēvertō, recipiō, and sum.
hostis, -is, m., enemy.
hūc, adv., hither, to this place, here; thither, to it.
hui, interj., whew! why!
hūmānitās, -ātis, f., culture.
hūmānus, -a, -um, adj., human, of a man; polished.
humilis, -e, adj., humble, lowly, small, low.
humus, -ī, f., ground, dirt.
I (Vowel)
For words beginning with I consonant, see p. 265 ff.
ibi, adv., there.
ibīdem, adv., in the (very) same place, right there.
Īcarus, -ī, m., son of Daedalus.
ictus, -ūs, m., blow.
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. and adj., the same.
identidem, adv., repeatedly, time and again.
idōneus, -a, -um, adj., suitable; as noun, idōneus, -ī, m.,suitable person.
Īdūs, -uum, f., the Ides.
igitur, conj., therefore, then.
ignis, -is, m., fire.
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., not know, be ignorant.
ignōtus, -a, -um, adj., unknown, strange; as noun, ignōtus, -ī,m., stranger.
īlex, -icis, f., oak.
īlicō, adv., instantly, on the spot.
Īlium, -ī, n., a name of Troy.
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. and adj., that, yonder, the following,this, the; that famous; as noun, he, the man, yonder man, etc.; hic. . . ille, the one . . . the other.
illic, adv., there.
imāgō, -inis, f., shape, ghost, image, likeness, statue; thought.
imbēcillus, -a, -um, adj., weak.
imber, -bris, m., rain-storm.
immānis, -e, adj., huge, giant; awful, dreadful.
immēnsus, -a, -um, adj., immense, great.
immineō, -ēre, intr., threaten; part. as adj., **imminēns, -entis,**threatening, impending.
immisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtus, tr., mix in (through); sē immiscēre, join (in).
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., let loose, order to charge,hurl, drop; sē immittere, plunge.
immō, adv., in fact, nay rather, nay, rather; immō vērō, as a matter of fact.
impatiēns, -entis, adj., impatient.
impavidus, -a, -um, adj., fearless, unafraid, undismayed.
impediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus, tr., hinder, handicap.
imperātor, -ōris, m., general, commander; emperor.
imperium, -ī, n., command, order; power, rule, government; realm,throne.
imperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., order, demand, give orders, have command.
impetus, -ūs, m., attack, assault, charge, inroad, force. See faciō.
impingō, -pingere, -pēgī, -pāctus, tr., let drive, hurl down, bringdown.
impius, -a, -um, adj., wicked, impious.
implōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., beg for, call for.
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus, tr., place on, place upon, put in.
improbus, -a, -um, adj., wicked, unprincipled.
imprūdēns, -entis, adj., unaware, thoughtless(ly).
impudentia, -ae, f., impudence.
impudīcus, -a, -um, adj., shameless.
impūne, adv., with impunity, without harm, without cost.
īmus, -a, -um, adj., inmost; ex īmō, from the very bottom. See
os (ossis).
in, prep. with abl., in, within, at, among, on.
in, prep. with acc., into, out into, to, at, upon, against, in, on,toward; up on; among; over; for, as. See diēs and praesēns.
incautus, -a, -um, adj., heedless, off guard.
incēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessum, intr., come on, march.
incendium, -ī, n., fire.
incendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsus, tr., light, set fire to, burn,fire; inflame, inspire, stir, anger, move, fill.
incertus, -a, -um, adj., undecided, unsettled, not sure, not knowing.
incidō, -cidere, -cidī, tr., fall (upon, into), run (into), happen.
incipiō, -cipere, (-cēpī, -ceptus), tr., begin. Cf. coepī.
Incitātus, -ī, m., Flyer, name of a race horse.
incitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., inspire, infuriate; part. as adj.,
incitātus, -a, -um, full (speed); cursū incitātō, at a gallop.
inclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsus, tr., imprison, shut up.
incognitus, -a, -um, adj., untried, unknown.
incola, -ae, m. and f., inhabitant, native.
incolō, -colere, -coluī, tr., inhabit.
incolumis, -e, adj., unharmed, safe.
incumbō, -cumbere, -cubuī, -cubitum, intr., fall (upon).
incūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., upbraid, blame, complain of.
inde, adv., thence, from there, from thence, therefrom; from it,from them.
indecōrus, -a, -um, adj., unseemly.
Indī, -ōrum, m., the people of India.
India, -ae, f., India.
indicium, -ī, n., sign, statement.
indignus, -a, -um, adj., shameful, disgraceful, a disgrace (to).
indō, -dere, -didī, -ditus, tr., apply, give.
indūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., lead on, bring on, lead,carry; invite, actuate, encourage, inspire, induce, persuade.
induō, -duere, -duī, -dūtus, tr., dress, dress up; part.,
indūtus, -a, -um, clad.
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itus, tr. and intr., enter, enter into; consider,adopt (plan); win (favor); part., iniēns, -euntis; ab ineunte aetāte, from earliest youth.
ineptus, -a, -um, adj., silly.
inermis, -e, adj., unarmed, without a weapon.
īnfāmis, -e, adj., of evil report (repute); unfavorable.
īnfāns, -antis, m. and f. (adj. and noun), infant.
īnfaustus, -a, -um, adj., unlucky.
īnfēlīx, -īcis, adj., unfortunate, luckless, unhappy, poor; as noun, m., poor man, unhappy man, etc.
īnferō, -ferre, intulī, inlātus, tr., inflict, introduce; hurl(upon); cause; make (war upon); part., inlātus, -a, -um, suffered.
īnferus, -a, -um, adj., of the Lower World; pl. as noun, īnferī,-ōrum, m., the gods of the Lower World, the Lower World. Cf.
īmus.
īnfestus, -a, -um, adj., dangerous, threatening, opposing.
īnfluō, -fluere, -flūxī, -flūxum, intr., flow in, flow (into).
īnfrā, adv., below.
ingēns, -entis, adj., huge, great, tremendous.
ingrātus, -a, -um, adj., unwelcome, ungrateful.
ingredior, -gredī, -gressus sum, tr. and intr., enter, come in, advance into; advance, travel; take up, traverse; iter ingredī, journey.
inhibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitus, tr., check, hold in check.
inhūmānus, -a, -um, adj., cruel, inhuman.
iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus, tr., throw on, throw (upon), plunge(into), inspire (in), cause; lay (hands on).
inimīcus, -ī, m., enemy.
inīquus, -a, -um, adj., cruel, undeserved, unfavorable; dangerous(shore).
initium, -ī, n., beginning.
iniūria, -ae, f., injury, wrong; abl. as adv., **iniūriā,**wrongfully, without reason.
iniussū (abl. only), m., without authorization.
inopia, -ae, f., scarcity, want.
inquam, defect. verb, say, remark; ask, inquire, answer, reply,continue; exclaim, cry, shout.
inquiētō, -āre, ——, -ātus, tr., disturb.
inquiētus, -a, -um, adj., anxious, disturbed, restless.
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptus, tr. and intr., break (in, into),burst (into).
inruō, -ruere, -ruī, intr., charge, make a dash.
īnsānus, -a, -um, adj., crazy, insane.
īnscrībō, -scrībere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus, tr., record, write upon,inscribe.
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus, tr. and intr., pursue.
īnsidiae, -ārum, f., ambush, snares, plots, trap, treachery.
īnsimulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., imply, insinuate.
īnsolitus, -a, -um, adj., unusual, unfamiliar.
īnspiciō, -spicere, -spexī, -spectus, tr., look into, examine, view.
īnstitor, -ōris, m., peddler.
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus, tr., begin, construct,found, plant; train.
īnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -statūrus, intr., persist, insist.
īnstruō, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctus, tr., build; draw up(troops).
īnsula, -ae, f., island; Īnsulae Fortūnātae, Islands of the Blest.
integer, -gra, -grum, adj., intact, unimpaired.
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus, tr. and intr., understand, know,see.
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus, tr. and intr., turn, bend(upon); part. as adj., intentus, -a, -um, attentive, intent, eager,expectant, interested (in).
inter, prep. with acc., among, between; inter sē, to one another,with one another, together, in turn.
interdiū, adv., in the daytime.
interdum, adv., at times, sometimes, from time to time.
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus, tr., kill.
interim, adv., meanwhile, in the meantime.
interitus, -ūs, m., destruction, death.
intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr. and intr., cease,discontinue, break.
interpellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., interrupt.
interrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., question, ask.
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus, intr., be present (at), have part(in), take part (in).
intervāllum, -ī, n., interval; ex intervāllō, after an interval,at intervals.
intrā, prep. with acc., within.
intrō, adv., within, in.
intrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., come in, enter, come(into).
intrōdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., take in, put (in, into).
intus, adv., within, inside.
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus, tr., find, meet, come to.
invideō, -vidēre, -vīdī, -vīsum, tr. and intr., envy, grudge.
invidia, -ae, f., envy, jealousy, ill-will; stigma.
invītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., invite.
invitus, -a, -um, adj., unwilling, reluctant, against (one’s) will,despite (one’s) will.
Iōnās, -ae, m., Jonah.
Īōnius, -a, -um, adj., Ionian.
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intens. pro., myself, yourself, himself, etc.; gen., own, his own, etc.; (the) very, mere, unadulterated; personally, of (one’s) own accord, in person, with (one’s) own hand; even; bare hand; as noun, he, she, it; ipsā in portā, full in the gate; sē ipsum, tē ipsum, his own self (person), etc. See et.
īra, -ae, f., anger, wrath.
īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum, intr., become angry, be angry; part.as adj., īrātus, -a, -um, angry, angered, incensed, in a passion.
irritus, -a, -um, adj., void, worthless, in vain.
is, ea, id, dem. pron. and adj., this, that, the; as noun, he,she, it, the man. Neut., id, a thing, etc.; ea quae, what.
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron. and adj., this, that, that . . . of yours; this sort of, such; as noun, he, she, it.
Isthmus, -ī, m., the Isthmus of Corinth.
ita, adv., thus, so, in that way; so very; (just) so, yes; in questions, really? ita vērō, just so, quite so. See habeō.
Ītalia, -ae, f., Italy.
Ītalicus, -a, -um, adj., Italian.
itaque, conj., and so, therefore.
iter, -ineris, n., journey, march, voyage; road, route, way,passageway. See carpō, faciō, ingredior, and tendō.
iterum, adv., again, once more. See semel.
Ixīōn, -onis, m., a sufferer in the Lower World.
I (Consonant)
For words beginning with I vowel, see page 262 ff.
iaceō, -ēre, -uī, intr., lie.
iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactus, tr., throw, cast, hurl.
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., toss; sē iactāre, put on airs.
iactūra, -ae, f., loss.
iam, adv., now, already, at length, soon; yet; iam diū, long since, long, for some time; iam dūdum, long since; iam iam, at any moment; iam nōn, no longer. See nec.
iānitor, -ōris, m., doorkeeper.
iānua, -ae, f., door.
Ierīcō, indecl., f., Jericho.
iocus, -ī, m., joke, jest, pleasantry.
Iordānēs, -is, m., the Jordan.
Iōsue, indecl., m., Joshua.
Iovis, see Iuppiter.
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus, tr., bid, order.
iūcundē, adv., pleasantly.
iūcundus, -a, -um, adj., pleasant, interesting.
Iūdaea, -ae, f., Judea.
iūdex, -icis, m., critic, judge.
iūdicium, -ī, n., decision, judgment; in iūdicium, to court.
iugum, -ī, n., yoke.
Iūlius, -ī, m., a Roman family name; Gaius Julius Caesar; JuliusAgricola, father-in-law of Tacitus.
Iūnius, -a, -um, adj., of June.
Iūnius, -ī, m., Lucius Junius, a Roman commander in the First PunicWar.
Iuppiter, Iovis, m., Jupiter.
iūre, adv., justly, with justice, with good right.
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., swear. See iūs.
iūs, iūris, n., law; iūs iūrandum, oath.
iuvenis, -is, m., young man, young fellow, youth; as adj.,youthful.
L
L., abbrev. of Lūcius.
labefacto, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., shatter, wreck.
labor, -ōris, m., labor, toil, trouble, trial, distress; work, task,effort.
lābor, lābī, lāpsus sum, intr., glide, slide.
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., be distressed; impers. pass.,
labōrātur, there be trouble; morbō labōrāre, be ill; part. asadj., laborans, -antis, heavily laden.
labyrinthus, -ī, m., labyrinth.
Lacedaemoniī, -ōrum, m., the Spartans.
lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, tr., harass, attack.
lacrima, -ae, f., tear.
lacus, -ūs, m., lake.
laedō, -ere, -sī, -sus, tr., injure.
laetitia, -ae, f., joy, happiness.
laetus, -a, -um, adj., glad, joyous, joyful, cheerful, in good spirits, pleased, proud; pleasant.
lāmentābilis, -e, adj., pitiable, piteous, tearful.
lancea, -ae, f., spear.
languidus, -a, -um, adj., drowsy, spiritless.
lapis, -idis, m., stone.
lātē, adv., far, wide, widely, extensively, freely.
latebrae, -ārum, f., hiding-place, lair.
lateō, -ēre, -uī, intr., hide, be hidden; part. as adj., latēns,-entis, hidden.
later, -eris, m., brick.
lātrātus, -ūs, m., barking.
latro, -ōnis, m., brigand, freebooter.
lātus, -a, -um, adj., broad.
latus, -eris, n., side, flank, part; ā (ex) latere, on the flank.
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., praise, commend.
laurus, -ī (abl. also laurū), f., laurel.
laus, laudis, f., praise.
lautumiae, -ārum, f., quarries.
lavō, -āre, lāvī, lautus, tr., bathe, wash; pass., bathe.
lectus, -ī, m., bed, couch.
lēgātus, -ī, m., ambassador, lieutenant, commander, general.
legiō, -ōnis, f., legion, company; pl., forces.
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctus, tr., gather, pick; read.
lēniō, -ire, -īvī, -ītus, tr., ease, quiet.
lēnis, -e, adj., gentle.
lēniter, adv., slowly, softly, easily.
Lentulus, -ī, m., Gnaeus Lentulus, an officer in the Battle of Cannae; Publius Cornelius Lentulus, an associate of Catiline.
leō, -ōnis, m., lion.
lepidus, -a, -um, adj., pretty, charming, beautiful, graceful, fine.
levis, -e, adj., light; unreliable.
levō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., raise, take up; relieve.
lēx, lēgis, f., law, rule, condition.
libenter, adv., gladly, with joy, with pleasure, willingly, readily,contentedly.
liber, -brī, m., book.
līber, -era, -erum, adj., free, freeman’s.
līberē, adv., freely.
līberī, -ōrum, m., children.
līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., release, set free, free.
lībertās, -ātis, f., freedom, release.
libet, libēre, libuit, impers., it is pleasing, it is a pleasure.
Liburnica, -ae, f., light galley.
Libya, -ae, f., a part of northern Africa.
licet, licēre, licuit, impers., lit., it is allowed, it ispermitted, it is possible; licet, to be sure, all right, very well.
līmen, -inis, n., threshold.
lingua, -ae, f., tongue, language.
littera, -ae, f., character, letter; pl., letter (written communication), literature, writing.
lītus, -oris, n., shore, coast, beach.
Līvia, -ae, f., Livia Augusta, wife of Augustus.
Līvius, -ī, m., Titus Livy, the historian; Marcus Livius, a priest present at the Battle of Sentinum, 295 BCE; Marcus Livius, a commander in the Second Punic War.
lixa, -ae, m., sutler.
locuplēs, -ētis, adj., rich.
locus, -ī, m. (pl., loca, -ōrum, n.), place, locality,district, neighborhood, situation, spot, land, country, ground. See
dēserō.
longē, adv., far, far away, distant, to some distance.
longinquus, -a, -um, adj., distant, far away.
longus, -a, -um, adj., long; long continued; nāvis longa, warship, war vessel.
loquor, loquī, locūtus sum, tr. and intr., speak, say, tell, talk,discuss.
Lūcānia, -ae, f., a district in southern Italy.
Lūcānus, -ī, m., Marcus Annaeus Lucan, a Roman writer of Nero’s time.
Lūcius, -ī, m., a boy’s or man’s name.
lūculentus, -a, -um, adj., charming, choice.
Lūcus, -a, -um, adj., Lucanian.
lūdibrium, -ī, n., laughingstock; see habeō.
lūdificō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., engage in sport; make game of, tease, have fun with, taunt, fool.
lūdō, lūdere, lūsī, lūsum, intr., play, joke.
lūdus, -ī, m., fun, play, sport; school; pl., games, e.g., LūdīMaximī.
Lugdūnum, -ī, n., Lyons.
lūmen, -inis, n., light, lamp.
lūna, -ae, f., moon; per lūnam, under the light of the moon.
lūx, lūcis, f., light, dawn; darling. See prīmus.
lympha, -ae, f., water.
M
M., abbrev. of Mārcus.
māchina, -ae, f., engine, mechanism, contrivance.
madidus, -a, -um, adj., dripping, wet.
maereō, -ēre, tr. and intr., sorrow, grieve.
maestitia, -ae, f., gloom, depression, sadness.
maestus, -a, -um, adj., sad, sad-hearted, dejected, with anxiety,serious.
magis, comp. adv., more, rather, better; sup., maximē, especially, particularly, (very) greatly, very much, ever so much, exceedingly, in the highest degree, mightily, wonderfully, terribly, very dangerously; yes; quam maximē, as much as possible, as . . . as possible. See tantō.
magister, -trī, m., teacher; captain (of ship).
magistrātus, -ūs, m., officer, official, magistrate, statesman; office.
Magna Māter (-tris, f.), a name of Cybele.
magnificus, -a, -um, adj., splendid, imposing.
magnitūdō, -inis, f., size.
magnus, -a, -um, adj., large, great, much, mighty, important, serious, severe, terrible; loud, shrill; strong, heavy, deep; excessive,wide; forced (march); magnī putāre, judge of great worth. Comp., maior, -us, greater, larger, louder; as noun, m., the elder; pl.,ancestors; maior nātū, older. Sup., maximus, -a, -um, mighty, hearty, excessive, utmost, worst; tremendous, terrific; deafening, resounding; extended, unusually high.
Magnus, -ī, m., Pompey’s cognomen.
Māgō, -ōnis, m., one of Hannibal’s officers.
Maharbal, -alis, m., one of Hannibal’s officers.
maior, maius, see magnus.
māla, -ae, f., cheek.
male, adv., badly, dreadfully, terribly, evilly, awfully; male dīcere, revile. See agō.
mālō, mālle, māluī, tr., prefer, choose.
mālum, -ī, n., apple.
malus, -a, -um, adj., bad; poor (verse); as noun, malum -ī,n., harm, loss, evil, misfortune, trouble, beating, evil (plight);pl., ills. See crux and rēs.
mālus, -ī, m., mast.
mandātum, -ī, n., direction, order.
māne, adv., early, in the morning; this morning. See multus.
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsus, tr. and intr., remain, wait, tarry,stay, stop, persist; await, wait for, be in store for.
manifestus, -a, -um, adj., clear; caught in the act.
Mānius, -ī, m., a boy’s or man»s name.
mānō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., flow, drip.
manus, -ūs, f., hand. See cōnserō.
Marathōnius, -a, -um, adj., of Marathon, a city in Greece.
Mārcus, -ī, m., a boy’s or man’s name.
mare, -is, n., sea.
maritimus, -a, -um, adj., of the sea, sea.
marītus, -ī, m., husband.
Marius, -ī, m., Gaius Marius, conqueror of the Cimbri, 101 BCE
Mārtius, see campus.
mastīgia, -ae, m., whipping-post, villain.
māter, -tris, f., mother. See Magna.
māteria, -ae, and māteriēs, -ēī, f., stuff, material; timber.
mātrimōnium, -ī, n., marriage. See dūcō.
mātūrē, adv., early.
Mausōlēum, -ī, n., mausoleum.
Mausōlus, -ī, m., a king of Caria.
maximē, see magis.
maximus, see magnus.
Maximus, -ī, m., Quintus Fabius Maximus, opponent of Hannibal.
medicāmentum, -ī, n., medicine.
medicus, -ī, m., doctor.
Mediōlānum, -ī, n., Milan, a town of northern Italy.
medius, -a, -um, adj., midst of, center of, middle of, middle; as noun, medium, -ī, n., midst.
Megara, -ae, f., Megara, a town in Greece.
mel, mellis, n., honey.
melior, -ius, see bonus.
meminī, -isse, tr., recall, remember.
memorābilis, -e, adj., noteworthy.
memoria, -ae, f., memory, recollection, remembering, record.
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., tell of, relate.
mendācium, -ī, n., lie.
mendāx, -ācis, adj., untruthful; as noun, m., liar.
mēns, mentis, f., mind, intent, purpose; senses.
mēnsa, -ae, f., table; course.
mēnsis, -is, m., month.
mentiō, -ōnis, f., mention.
mercātor, -ōris, m., trader.
mereor, -ērī, -itus sum, tr., deserve; take.
mergō, mergere, mersī, mersus, tr., dip, drown; pass., sink, be swallowed up.
merīdiēs, -ēī, m., noon.
merx, mercis, f.; pl., goods, wares, cargo.
Messēniō, -ōnis, m., the name of a slave.
Metaurus, -ī, m., a river in northern Italy near which Hasdrubal lost his life in 207 BCE
metō, metere, messuī, messus, tr., reap.
metuō, -ere, -uī, tr. and intr., fear, be afraid.
metus, -ūs, m., fear.
meus, -a, -um, poss. adj., my, my own, mine, of mine.
micō, -āre, -uī, intr., twinkle.
Midās, -ae, m., a king of Phrygia.
migrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., move.
mīles, -itis, m., soldier, common soldier; pl., troops.
Mīlētus, -ī, f., a city of Asia Minor.
mīlia, see mīlle.
mīliārium, -ī, n., milestone.
mīlitāris, -e, adj., military.
mīlle, indecl. num., thousand; pl., mīlia, -ium, n.,thousands; mīlia passuum, miles.
Milō, -ōnis, m., a famous athlete.
Minerva, -ae, f., the goddess of wisdom.
minimē, see minus.
minimus, see parvus.
minister, -trī, m., servant.
ministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., serve.
minor, -ārī, -ātus sum, intr., threaten.
minor, -us, see parvus.
Mīnōs, -ōis, m., a king of Crete.
Mīnōtaurus, -ī, m., the Minotaur.
minuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus, tr., weaken; relieve.
minus, comp. adv., less, not very, not much, not; sup., **minimē,**not at all.
mīrābilis, -e, adj., wonderful, surprising, strange, unusual.
mīrābiliter, adv., strangely, mysteriously.
mīrandus, -a, -um, adj., wonderful, strange, surprising, noteworthy.
miror, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr. and intr., wonder, wonder at, admire.
mīris, -a, -um, adj., strange, curious.
Mīsēnum, -ī, n., a naval station on the west coast of Italy.
miser, -era, -erum, adj., wretched, poor, unfortunate, sad; as noun, miser, -erī, m., poor fellow, poor wretch, etc.
miseret, -ēre, -uit, impers.; lit., it pities; mē miseret, I pity,etc.
misericordia, -ae, f., pity, mercy.
mītis, -e, adj., kindly, considerate, mild.
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus, tr., send.
moderor, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr. and intr., control, manage.
modicus, -a, -um, adj., moderate, unassuming.
modo, adv., only, just, just now, just before, just recently, a while ago, lately; modo . . . modo, at one time . . . at another, now . . .now; nōn modo . . . sed etiam, not only . . . but also.
modus, -ī, m., way, manner, fashion, means, sort, degree; pl.,verse, strains; nūllō modō, not at all; quō modō, how? how so?
moenia, -ium, n., walls, city.
mōlēs, -is, f., structure, mass.
molestus, -a, -um, adj., annoying, disagreeable, bothersome,distressing.
Molō, -ōnis, m., Apollonius Molo, a teacher of rhetoric in Caesar’s time.
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, tr., instruct, advise, warn, order.
mōns, montis, m., mountain, hill.
mōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., indicate, tell, point out, point at.
mōnstrum, -ī, n., monster, beast, horror.
montānus, -ī, m., mountaineer.
monumentum, -ī, n., memorial, monument.
mora, -ae, f., delay.
morbus, -ī, m., disease, illness. See labōrō.
moribundus, -a, -um, adj., dying.
morior, morī, mortuus sum, intr., die; part. as adj., mortuus,-a, -um, dead; pl. as noun, mortuī, -ōrum, m., the dead.
moror, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr. and intr., tarry, linger, delay, remain,stop, stay, visit, live; delay (keep waiting).
mōrōsus, -a, -um, adj., crabbed, peevish.
mors, mortis, f., death.
morsus, -ūs, m., bite.
mortālis, -e, adj., perishable, of men; as noun, mortālis, -is,m. and f.; sing., man; pl., men, people.
mōs, mōris, m., manner, custom, habit; pl., morals.
mōtus, -ūs, m., activity, movement; terrae mōtus, earthquake.
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, tr., stir, influence, touch; sweep(strings); wag (tail).
mox, adv., soon.
Moysēs (dissyl.), -is, m., Moses.
mulctrum, -ī, n., milk-pail.
mulier, -ieris, f., woman.
multitūdō, -inis, f., crowd, throng, number.
multō, adv., much, by far; long (before).
multum, adv., much; (of time) long. See salveō.
multus, -a, -um, adj., abundant; pl. (m. and f.), many, many of,(neut.), much; ad multam noctem, until far into the night; multānocte, late at night; multō māne, early in the morning. Comp.
plūs, plūris, n., and plūrēs, plūra, more, in greater numbers;gen. sing., plūris, of more value, of greater account. Sup.
plūrimus, -a, -um, (sing.) heartiest; pl. (m. and f.), very many,(neut.), very much; quam plūrimī, as many as possible. See multōand multum.
Mulvius, -a, -um, adj., Mulvian; designation of a bridge nearRome.
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus, tr., fortify, protect; part. as adj.,
mūnītus, -a, -um, safe.
mūnus, -eris, n., gift, show; function, burden.
mūrus, -ī, m., wall.
mūs, mūris, m. and f., mouse.
Mūs, Mūris, m., Publius Decius Mus, who sacrificed his life at Sentinum, 295 BCE
musca, -ae, f., fly.
mūsicus, -a, -um, adj., musical, of music.
mūtātiō, -ōnis, f., change.
Mutina, -ae, f., a city of northern Italy.
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., change, exchange.
mūtuus, -a, -um, adj., mutual; mūtuum (-am, -um) dare, loan.
N
nam, conj., for.
Nārnia, -ae, f., a city of Umbria.
nārrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., tell, tell of, relate.
nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum, intr., be born, grow; part. as adj.,
nātus, -a, -um, born (again). See maior (under magnus).
nātūra, -ae, f., nature; abl., nātūrā, by nature, naturally.
Nātūrālis (-e) Historia, see Historia.
naufragium, -ī, n., shipwreck.
nauta, -ae, m., sailor.
nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., sail, embark.
nāvis, -is, f., ship, vessel, boat; nāvis longa, war ship, warvessel. See ēgredior and solvō.
-ne, conj., mark of direct quest.; in indirect quest., whether.See necne.
nē, conj., lest, that not, so that . . . not, not to, (fearing)that, lest; with hort. subjv., not; nē quā, lest in any way; nēquando, (fearing) that at some time, that at some time or other; nēquid, so that nothing, lest anything, that in no respect; **nē quis,**lest anyone, so that no one, to the effect that no one, (fearing) that someone, that somebody; nē quis alius, (fearing) that some other.
nē . . . quidem, adv. phrase, not even.
Neāpolis, -is, f., Naples, a city of Campania.
nebula, -ae, f., mist.
nec, neque, conj., nor, and . . . not, and . . . no, (with enim)not. nec . . . nec, neither . . . nor; nec iam, and no longer; necquidquam, and nothing; nec quisquam, and no one, and nobody; nequeūllus, -a, -um, and no, and not any; neque umquam, and never; nequeusquam, and nowhere.
necessāriō, adv., necessarily.
necesse, indecl. adj., necessary.
necne, conj.; following utrum, or not.
necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., kill.
nefās, indecl. noun, n., wrong, crime, sin, thing forbidden.
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus, tr., disregard, ignore; part. asadj., neglegēns, -entis, careless.
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., declare that . . . not,deny, say “no”; negō . . . umquam, declare that . . . never; part. asadj., negātus, -a, -um, forbidden, closed.
negōtium, -ī, n., business, business dealing, engagement,commission, detail, matter; calling; pl., business cares.
Nemeaeus, -a, -um, adj., Nemean, designation of a lion killed byHercules near Nemea, in Greece.
nēmō, (gen. and abl. supplied by nūllīus and nullō), m., nobody, no one.
Nemorēnsis, -e, adj., a designation of Diana.
nepōs, -ōtis, m., grandson; pl., grandchildren.
Nepōs, -ōtis, m., the writer Cornelius Nepos.
Neptūnius, -a, -um, adj., Neptunian, built by Neptune.
Neptūnus, -ī, m., Neptune.
neque, see nec.
Nerō, -ōnis, m., emperor 54-68 CE; Gaius Claudius Nero, a commander in the Second Punic War.
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvī, tr., not know, be ignorant; **nesciō quid,something or other (with gen.), some.
nescius, -a, -um, adj., not knowing, knowing nothing (of).
nēve, conj. (et + nē). and not; nēve umquam, and that never.
nīdus, -ī, m., nest.
niger, -gra, -grum, adj., black, dark.
nihil, indecl. noun, n., nothing, not . . . anything; acc. as adv., in no respect, not at all, no, nothing.
nihilōminus, adv., nevertheless, none the less.
nihilum, -ī, n., nothing; gen., nihilī, of no value; abl. as adv., nihilō, not at all.
Nīlus, -ī, m., the Nile.
nimis, adv., too.
nimius, -a, -um, adj., too great, too strong, excessive.
Nīnivē, -ēs, f., Nineveh.
nisi, conj. and adv., unless; except, excepting.
nix, nivis, f., snow.
nō, nāre, nāvī, intr., swim.
nōbilis, -e, adj., distinguished, famous, of distinction, of good birth.
noceō, -ēre, -uī, -itum, intr., do harm, harm.
noctū, adv., at night, in the night, during the night, by night, one night.
noctua, -ae, f., night owl.
nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, tr. and intr., be unwilling, not wish, not want, refuse; will . . . not?
nōmen, -inis, n., name.
nōn, adv., not, no. nōn diūtius, no longer; nōn numquam, sometimes. See iam and modo.
nōndum, adv., not yet.
nōnnūllī, -ae, -a, adj., some; as noun, m., some people, some.
nōnus, -a, -um, num. adj., ninth.
nōscō, nōscere, nōvī, nōtus, tr., come to know, examine; perf.tense, know.
noster, -tra, -trum, poss. adj., our, of ours, our own; pl. m., as noun, our men, our people, our side, our friends.
notābilis, -e, adj., striking, noteworthy, remarkable.
nōtus, -a, -um, adj., known; sup., well known, famous.
novus, -a, -um, adj., strange, new; as noun, novum, -ī, n.,news, new. Sup., novissimus, -a, -um, last. See rēs.
nox, noctis, f., night. See hic, multus, and prīmus.
nūbēs, -is, f., cloud.
nūbō, nūbere, nūpsī, nūptum, intr., be married.
Nūceria, -ae, f., a town in Umbria.
nūdus, -a, -um, adj., bare.
nūgātor, -ōris, m., trifler, cheat, imposter.
nūllus, -a, -um, adj., no; m., as noun, no one (cf. nēmō).See modus and nōnnūllī.
num, conj., mark of a direct question suggesting a neg. answer; in indirect quest., whether; num quis (quī), whether anyone, whether any.
nūmen, -inis, n., god, divinity.
numerus, -ī, m., number, numbers, band, company; pl., mathematics.
Numidae, -ārum, m., the Numidians; sometimes rendered as adj.,Numidian.
numquam, adv., never. See nōn.
numquid, conj. with pron., anything? in indirect quest., whether anything.
nunc, adv., now.
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., say, announce, tell; bene herclenūntiās, I’m glad to hear it, by Jove.
nūntius, -ī, m., messenger, message, news, bulletin.
nūper, adv., lately, just now, recently.
nūptiae, -ārum, f., marriage.
nusquam, adv., nowhere, not . . . anywhere. See alibī.
nūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., nod, sway.
nūtriō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus, tr., feed, care for, nourish.
nympha, -ae, f., nymph.
O
Ō, interj., O, oh!
ob, prep. with acc., on account of, for; quam ob rem, why,wherefore, therefore.
obdormiō, -īre, -īvī, intr., fall asleep, go to sleep.
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus, tr., expose, place before, make barrier of, pit against, throw upon.
oblātus, see offerō.
oblectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., amuse, entertain, delight, please,cheer; while away (time).
obligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., bind, bind up, put in splints,girdle.
oblīvīscor, -līvīscī, -lītus sum, tr. and intr., forget.
obruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutus, tr., overwhelm, overthrow, destroy, bury;
saxīs obruere, stone to death.
obscūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., dim, make dim.
obscūrus, -a, -um, adj., shadowed, dim, gloomy.
obsecrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., pray, beg; obsecrō, please.
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., watch, view, note.
obses, -idis, m. and f., hostage.
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessus, tr., besiege, beset, blockade.
obsignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., seal; part. as adj., obsignātus,-a, -um, under seal.
obstinātus, -a, -um, adj., determined, fixed.
obstō, -āre, -stitī, -stātūrus, intr., hinder, stop, delay.
obstupefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factus, tr., nonplus, daze, stun.
obtulī, see offerō.
obviam, adv., with dat. and verb of motion, meet, etc.; obviamīre, go to meet, advance (to meet); obviam fierī, meet; sē obviamferre, come out to meet; obviam properāre, hurry to meet; obviamvenīre, meet, fall in (one’s) way, appear.
obvius, -a, -um, adj.; as noun, pl. m., people met; obvius esseor fierī, meet.
occāsiō, -ōnis, f., opportunity.
occāsus, -ūs, m., setting; sōlis occāsus, sunset.
occīdō, -cidere, -cidī, -cāsum, intr., fall, perish, be done for.
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsus, tr., kill.
occultē, adv., secretly, quietly.
occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., hide.
occupō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., take possession of, seize, take,occupy, guard; part. as adj., occupātus, -a, -um, busy, distracted.
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursum, intr., come up, hurry up,appear, block the way; with dat., meet.
Ōceanus, -ī, m., the English Channel, the Ocean.
oculus, -ī, m., eye.
ōdī, -isse, ōsūrus, tr., hate, loathe, detest, dislike.
odor, -ōris, m., perfume, smell.
offendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsus, tr., displease, strike, find;pass., trip.
offerō, -ferre, obtulī, oblātus, tr., offer; pass., present(one’s) self, fall in (one’s) way, be forthcoming, develop; sēofferre, present (one’s) self, (with dat.) cross (one’s) path.
officiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectum, intr., stand in way of, interfere.
officium, -ī, n., duty.
ōhē, interj., ah, oh now!
ōlim, adv., at one time, once, once upon a time, on one occasion,one day, originally.
Olympia, -ae, f., the place in Greece where the Olympic games were held.
ōmen, -inis, n., omen, sign, warning.
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., put aside, discontinue.
omnīnō, adv., altogether, absolutely; with neg., at all.
omnis, -e, adj., all, every, every sort of, all sorts of; whole; as noun, m. pl., all, everybody, everyone, anyone; n. pl., everything,all, anything.
Onēsimus, -ī, m., the name of a slave.
onus, -eris, n., load, weight.
opera, -ae, f., service, attention, help, work, performance; operaepretium est, it is worth while. See dō.
operiō, -īre, operuī, opertus, tr., cover, cover up, cover over,bury.
opīniō, -ōnis, f., idea, thought, expectation.
opīnor, -ārī, -ātus sum, intr., think, suppose, guess.
opitulor, -ārī, -ātus sum, intr., give help.
oportet, -ēre, -uit, impers.; lit., it is fitting; must be.
oppetō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, tr., meet.
oppidānī, -ōrum, m., townspeople, people of the city.
oppidum, -ī, n., town, city.
oppleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -ētus, tr., fill.
opportūnē, adv., fortunately, luckily, by good luck, in the nick oftime.
opportūnitās, -ātis, f., advantage.
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressus, tr., weigh down, crush, kill;catch.
ops, opis, f., help; pl., wealth, valuables.
optimē, see bene.
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., long for, hope for; choose.
opus, -eris, n., (hard) work, task; opus est, there is need.Nom. as indecl. adj., necessary.
ōra, -ae, f., coast, land, world.
ōrāculum, -ī, n., oracle.
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f., speech.
orbis, -is, m., coil; firmament; in orbem, in circular formation;
orbis terrārum, world.
Orcus, -ī, m., the Lower World.
ōrdō, -inis, m., sequence, story; class, company.
orior, orīrī, ortus sum, intr., rise, arise; be sprung (from).
ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., decorate, beautify; set (table).
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., beg, urge, ask.
Orpheus (dissyl.), -eī, m., a mythical bard.
ōs, ōris, n., mouth, countenance. See adversus.
os, ossis, n., bone; ossa īma, marrow of the bones.
ōsculum, -ī, n., kiss.
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus, tr., indicate, reveal, exhibit,display, call to (one’s) attention, show, tell.
ostentātiō, -ōnis, f., boasting, display, effect.
ostentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., display, show, exhibit.
Ōstia, -ae, f., port at the mouth of the Tiber.
ōstium, -ī, n., mouth (of river); door.
Othō, -ōnis, m., emperor in 69 CE
ōtiōsus, -a, -um, adj., at leisure, at ease, with nothing to do;calm, undisturbed.
Ovidius, -ī, m., the poet Ovid.
ovis, -is, f., sheep.
ōvum, -ī, n., egg.
P
P., abbr. of Pūblius.
pābulum, -ī, n., fodder.
Padus, -ī, m., the Po, a river of northern Italy.
paene, adv., almost.
paenitet, -ēre, -uit, impers., it repents; mē paenitet, I regret,I am sorry, etc.
pāla, -ae, f., spade; bezel (of a ring).
Palaestīnī, -ōrum, m., the Philistines.
Palātium, -ī, n., the Palatine Hill, the palace.
pallidus, -a, -um, adj., pale.
palliolum, -ī, n., old cloak.
Pamphȳlius, -a, -um, adj., Pamphylian, designation of a sea adjacent to Asia Minor.
Pān, Pānos, m., god of the woods and shepherds.
Panathēnāicus, -a, -um, adj., Panathenaic, designation of games celebrated at Athens.
pangō, pangere, pānxī, pāctus, tr., plant.
papae, interj., whew! wonderful! remarkable! goodness! dear me!
pār, paris, adj., like.
parcō, parcere, pepercī, parsum, intr., spare.
parēns, -entis, m. and f., parent.
pāreō, -ēre, -uī, intr., obey, have regard for, serve.
pariēs, -ietis, m., wall (of a building).
pariō, parere, peperī, partus, tr., win.
Parma, -ae, f., a city of northern Italy.
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., prepare, make ready, get ready; part.as adj., parātus, -a, -um, ready.
pars, partis, f., part, division, piece; place, direction, side;pl., rôle; magnā ex parte, in large part, for the most part;
omnibus ex partibus, at every point, on all sides, on every side.See alius.
parvulus, -a, -um, adj., very small, little, tiny, small; as noun,
parvulus, -ī, m., little boy, small boy, little fellow.
parvus, -a, -um, adj., small, little; weak (voice); parvīfacere, care little for, think little of. Comp., **minor, minus,**smaller, younger, junior. Sup., minimus, -a, -um, very little,faintest (flash); neut. sing. as noun, as little as possible;
minimī facere, regard as of no account, think of little worth.
passim, adv., here and there, everywhere, on all sides, anywhere.
passus, -ūs, m., pace; mīlia passuum, miles.
pāstor, -ōris, m., shepherd.
patefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factus, tr., open; make clear.
pateō, -ēre, -uī, intr., be open, lie open, be opened.
pater, -tris, m., father, forefather, head (of family).
paternus, -a, -um, adj., of (one’s) father.
patior, patī, passus sum, tr., allow, suffer, experience.
patria, -ae, f., fatherland, country, native city, native place,native country, home country, home town.
patrius, -a, -um, adj., of (one’s) fathers, of (one’s) nation,national.
patruus, -ī, m., uncle (on father’s side).
paucī, -ae, -a, adj., few, a few.
paulātim, adv., gradually.
paulisper, adv., for a little time, for a little, a little while.
paulō, adv., a little.
paulum, adv., little, a little, (but) little; as indecl. noun, n.,a little.
Paulus, -ī, m., Lucius Aemilius Paulus, one of the commanders at Cannae, 216 BCE; the apostle Paul.
pavidus, -a, -um, adj., frightened, in alarm.
pāx, pācis, f., peace.
peccō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., be at fault, sin.
pectus, -oris, n., breast, heart.
pecūnia, -ae, f., money. See praesēns.
pecus, -oris, n., flock; pl., animals.
pecus, -udis, f., animal, beast; pl., cattle.
peior, see malus.
pendeō, pendēre, pependī, intr., hang.
penetrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., penetrate, journey.
Penīnus, -a, -um, adj., Pennine, designation of an Alpino pass.
pepercī, see parcō.
per, prep. with acc., through, over, along, on; by means of, by; in(jest, etc.); (in expressions of time), for; per manūs, from hand to hand. See lūna.
peragō, -agere, -ēgī, -actus, tr., perform; pass (time).
percutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussus, tr., strike, stab.
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus, tr., lose, destroy.
perdomō, -āre, -uī, -itus, tr., subdue thoroughly.
peregrīnus, -a, -um, adj., foreign, in foreign lands; as noun,
peregrīnus, -ī, m., foreigner.
pereō, -īre, -iī, intr., perish, die, lose life, be killed, fall, be lost, be ruined; periī, mercy!
perfacilis, -e, adj., very easy.
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus, tr., accomplish, build.
perfidia, -ae, f., treachery, faithlessness.
perfidus, -a, -um, adj., faithless, dishonorable.
perfundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsus, tr., pour; anoint, bathe.
Pergamēnus, -a, -um, adj., of Pergamum, in Asia Minor.
pergō, pergere, perrēxī, perrēctus, intr., go on, proceed, continue,journey, go.
perīculōsus, -a, -um, adj., dangerous.
perīculum, -ī, n., danger, peril.
perinvītus, -a, -um, adj., very unwilling(ly).
perītus, -a, -um, adj., skilled, expert.
perlibenter, adv., very eagerly, with great pleasure, readily.
permagnus, -a, -um, adj., very great, very important.
permittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., allow, give permission.
permulceō, -mulcēre, -mulsī, -mulsus, tr., lick, stroke.
perrārō, adv., very seldom, very rarely.
perrēxī, see pergō.
Persae, -ārum, m., the Persians.
persevērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., persist, remain fixed, be determined, hold out, continue.
persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsī, -suāsum, intr., persuade.
perterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territus, tr., terrify, thoroughly frighten, alarm greatly, frighten out of (one’s) wits, horrify, alarm,frighten, demoralize; part. as adj., **perterritus, -a, -um,**panic-stricken, in a fright.
pertineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, intr., tend, extend; with ad and acc., bear upon, concern.
perturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., alarm, disturb.
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventum, intr., arrive, arrive at, reach,go, come, be carried, travel; fall (into the power of).
pervolō, -velle, -voluī, intr., much desire, much like, like, be eager.
pēs, pedis, m., foot.
pessimus, see malus.
petō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, tr., beg, ask, seek, sue for; make for, go after, get; go to.
philosophus, -ī, m., philosopher.
Philoxenus, -ī, m., a poet at the court of Dionysius, at Syracuse.
Phrygēs, -um, m., the Phrygians.
pīrāta, -ae, m., pirate.
piscis, -is, m., fish.
pīstor, -ōris, m., baker.
placenta, -ae, f., cake.
Placentia, -ae, f., a city of northern Italy.
placeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum, intr., please, be pleasing, be approved.
placidē, adv., quietly.
placidus, -a, -um, adj., quiet, serene.
plānē, adv., clearly, quite, absolutely, full well, simply.
plānus, -a, -um, adj., clear; level.
plaustrum, -ī, n., cart.
plausus, -ūs, m., applause.
Plautus, -ī, m., a writer of comedy, born in the third century BCE
plēnus, -a, -um, adj., full.
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque, adj., most, most of; as noun,
plērīque, m., the majority, most men, most people.
Plīnius, -ī, m., Pliny the Elder, author of the “Historia Naturalis,” who died in the eruption of Vesuvius; Pliny the Younger,known for his letters.
plūrimus, see multus.
plūs and plūrēs, see multus.
Plūtō, -ōnis, m., god of the Lower World.
poena, -ae, f., penalty, punishment. See dō.
Poenus, -a, -um, adj., Carthaginian; as noun, Poenus, -ī, m.,the Carthaginian (i.e., Hannibal); pl., the Carthaginians.
poēta, -ae, m., poet.
polliceor, -licērī, -licitus sum, tr. and intr., promise, agree,assure.
Polydamās, -antis, m., a famous athlete.
Pompeius, -ī, m., Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, opponent of Caesar in the Civil War.
pōmum, -ī, n., apple.
pondus, -eris, n., weight.
pōnō, pōnere, nosuī, positus, tr., place, put, locate; lay aside;
castra pōnere, encamp; vēstīgia pōnere, stand.
pōns, pontis, m., bridge.
pontifex, -icis, m., priest.
Pontus, -ī, m., a district in Asia Minor.
populus, -ī, m., people.
porrigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctus, tr., hold out, present, supply,stretch out, extend (structure).
porrō, adv., further, furthermore.
porta, -ae, f., gate, entrance, door.
portendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus, tr., indicate, foretell.
portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., carry, bring.
portus, -ūs, m., harbor.
poscō, poscere, poposcī, tr., demand, call for.
possum, posse, potuī, intr., be able, can, may, etc.
post, adv., later, afterward.
post, prep. with acc., behind, after; post sē, back.
posteā, adv., afterward, thereafter, later; from now on, henceforth.
poster(us), -a, -um, adj., following, the following; as noun,
posterī, -ōrum, m., posterity, descendants.
posthāc, adv., hereafter, from now on.
postquam, conj., after, when.
postrēmō, adv., finally.
postrīdiē, adv., on the next day, on the following day.
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., demand, ask.
potestās, -ātis, f., power; permission.
potior, potīrī, potītus sum, intr., take possession of, get possession of, seize, take; reach (a place).
potissimum, adv., in particular, best.
prae, prep. with abl., because of, by reason of; (of a hindering cause) for.
praebeō, -ēre. -uī, -itus, tr., provide, furnish, afford, expose.
praecēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessus, tr. and intr., precede, go onahead.
praeceptor, -ōris, m., teacher.
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus, tr., give directions (orders),order, advise, enjoin (upon).
praecipitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., hurl, throw, send headlong;pass., plunge, fall headlong; sē praecipitāre, plunge.
praeclārus, -a, -um, adj., fine, noteworthy, splendid.
praeda, -ae, f., plunder, spoil, booty.
praeeō, -īre, -iī, tr. and intr., go on ahead; dictate.
praefectus, -ī, m., officer, admiral.
praemittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., send forward, send (on)ahead.
praemium, -ī, n., reward, prize.
praepōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus, tr., prefer; appoint (over),put in charge (of).
praesēns, -entis, adj., present, immediate; instant (death); in praesēns, for the present; praesentī pecūniā, for cash.
praesidium, -ī, n., fortification, fort; garrison, guard.
praestō, adv., at hand; praestō esse, be present, be on hand,appear.
praesum, -esse, -fuī, intr., command, rule.
praeter, prep. with acc., contrary to; except.
praetereā, adv., furthermore.
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -itus, tr., ignore, pass.
praetervolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., fly by.
prasinus, -a, -um, adj., green.
prātum, -ī, n., meadow.
precor, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr., entreat, pray, beg.
premō, premere, pressī, pressus, tr., crush, burden, hold; attack.
pretium, -ī, n., price, rent. See opera.
prīdiē, adv., the day before; with acc., on the day before.
prīmō, adv., at first, first, to begin with.
prīmum, adv., first, in the first instance, for the first time; cumprīmum, ut prīmum, as soon as; quam prīmum (possum, etc.), as soon as possible.
prīmus, -a, -um, adj., first, first stage of; prīmā lūce, at(early) dawn; prīmā nocte, early at night.
Prīmus, see Antōnius.
prīnceps, -ipis, m., leader, chief, leading citizen, leading man.
prīincipium, -ī, n., beginning.
prior, -us, adj., first; as noun, pl. neut., priōra, the previous subject.
prīscus, -a, -um, adj., early, ancient.
pristinus, -a, -um, adj., old-time, one-time, former, old.
prius, adv., first: prius . . . quam, sooner . . . than, (with neg.) before.
priusquam, conj., before, (with neg.) until. Cf. prius.
prīvātus, -a, -um, adj., private.
prō, prep. with abl., for, as; in return for, in punishment for, in place of, in the stead of; to secure; in accordance with; in front of;
prō certō, for certain.
probē, adv., rightly, well.
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., approve, prove.
proboscis, -idis, f., trunk.
procāx, -ācis, adj., aggravating, rude, saucy.
prōcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessum, intr., advance, proceed, step out, come forth, come, go.
procul, adv., far, far away, at a distance, in the distance, from a distance; haud procul, hard by; as prep. with abl., far from.
prōdeō, -īre, -iī, -itum, intr., come out, come forth, step out, go out, go forth.
prōdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., bring out, lead out;protract, prolong.
proelium, -ī, n., battle.
profectiō, -ōnis, f., departure.
profectō, adv., surely, certainly, indeed.
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus, tr., produce, bring out.
prōficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectum, intr., avail.
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum, intr., set out, start, start out, go out, go, journey, advance.
prōgredior, -gredī, -gressus sum, intr., advance, proceed, go forward, press on, set out, step out; journey, travel, come.
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitus, tr., forbid, interfere,prevent, cut off, oppose, keep (from).
prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus, tr., throw forward, hurl forward,throw out, toss out, throw down, hurl, cast, throw; sē prōicere, rush,plunge.
prōmiscuē, adv., haphazard.
prōmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., allow to grow long; agree,promise; part. as adj., prōmissus, -a, -um, long.
prōnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., recite, enunciate.
prōnus, -a, -um, adj., face down, face forward, prone.
prope, adv., close, near, near by; comp., propius, very near,close by, too near.
prope, prep. with acc., near, hard by, about, along.
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, intr., hurry, hasten, be in a hurry.See obviam.
propinquus, -a, -um, adj., adjacent, near, nearby, near by; as noun, propinquus, -ī, m., relative.
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus, tr., offer, publish, post up.
propter, prep. with acc., on account of, because of.
prōra, -ae, f., prow.
Prōserpina, -ae, f., queen of the Lower World.
prōsperē, adv., successfully, well.
prōsperus, -a,-um, adj., successful.
prōspiciō, -spicere, -spexī, -spectus, tr. and intr., look out on,look out, keep a lookout, look.
prōtegō, -tegere, -tēxī, -tēctus, tr., cover, protect.
prōvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectus, tr., carry forward, pull, carry;pass., ride forward, advance; part. as adj., **prōvectus, -a, -um,**advanced.
prōveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventum, intr., come on, prosper, result.
prōvincia, -ae, f., province.
proximus, -a, -um, adj., nearby, neighboring, nearest, next;previous, last; hic proximus, this past; ē proximō, near by.
Prūsiās, -ae, m., a king of Bithynia.
pūblicus, -a, -um, adj., public; rēs pūblica, commonwealth, state;as noun, pūblicum, -ī, n., city property.
Pūblius, -ī, m., a boy’s or man’s name.
pudet, -ēre, -uit, impers., it shames; mē pudet, I am ashamed,etc.
puella, -ae, f., girl, maiden.
puer, -erī, m., boy, lad; slave.
pugillārēs, -ium, m., tablets (small, for writing).
pugna, -ae, f., battle, fighting, (chance to) fight.
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., fight.
pulcher, -chra, -chrum, adj., beautiful, handsome; splendid,glorious, delightful.
pulchritūdō, -inis, f., beauty.
pullus, -ī, m., chick, young bird; pl., sacred chickens, used in augury.
pulvis, -eris, m., dust.
Pūnicus, -a, -um, adj., Punic.
puppis, -is, f., deck, stern.
puteus, -ī, m., well.
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., think, suppose, judge. See magnus.
Pȳramus, -ī, m., lover of Thisbe.
Pyrrhus, -ī, m., a king of Epirus, defeated at Beneventum, 275 BCE
Q
Q., abbr. of Quīntus.
quadrāgintā, indecl. num., forty.
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītus, tr., ask, question, inquire;discuss, look into; look for, look up, seek, try to locate, try to find out, seek out, find out; find, get. See rēctē.
quālis, -e, adj., as, such as; what, what sort of?
quam, adv., how, what a; with sup. of adj. or adv., as . . . as possible; with comp. of adj. or adv., than. See prius.
quamquam, conj., although.
quamvīs, conj., though; as adv., though, although, however.
quandō, conj., when. See nē and sī.
quantō, adv., how much (in what measure); quantō plūrēs . . . tantō melius, the more the better.
quantum, adv., as far as, as much as.
quantus, -a, -um, adj., how large, how great, how much, what great,what; as noun, neut. sing., how much; tantus . . . quantus, as great as.
quārē, conj., therefore, accordingly.
quārtus, -a, -um, num. adj., fourth.
quasi, conj. and adv., as if, as it were.
quassō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., shake.
quatiō, quatere, ——, quassus, tr., shake, rock; clank.
quattuor, indecl. num., four.
-que, conj., and; -que . . . -que, (both) . . . and.
querella, -ae, f., protest, complaint, lament.
queror, querī, questus sum, tr. and intr., lament, express regret;warble.
quī, indef. and interrog. pron. See quis.
quī, guae, quod, rel. pron., who, which, what; with suppressed antecedent, he who, those who, that which, etc.
quia, conj., because.
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque, indef. rel. pron., whoever,whatsoever, whatever.
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (quiddam), indef. pron., a certain, a,certain, some; as noun, somebody, something.
quidem, adv., indeed, at any rate, ’tis true; sometimes not translated; with ego, for my part. See nē . . . quidem.
quiēs, -ētis, f., sleep, rest; soother.
quiēscō, quiēscere, quiēvī, quiētum, intr., sleep, fall asleep, find rest, rest, remain quiet.
quiētus, -a, -um, adj., quiet, peaceful, calm, restful; without moving.
quīn, conj., but that; from (with part. in -ing); with neg.expressions of doubt, that; as adv., in fact, why; quīn etiam, as amatter of fact, in fact.
quīnquāgintā, indecl. num., fifty.
quīnque, indecl. num., five.
quīntus, -a, -um, num. adj., fifth.
Quīntus, -ī, m., a boy’s or man’s name.
Quirīnālis, -e, adj.; designation of the Quirinal, one of the hills of Rome.
quis (quī), quae, quid (quod), interrog. pron., who, what? See
nesciō and num.
quis (quī), quae, quid (quod), indef. pron., any, anyone, anything,etc.; see nē and sī.
quisquam, ——, quidquam or quicquam, indef. pron., anyone,anything. See nec.
quisque, quaeque, quidque, distrib. pron., each, every; as noun, m.sing., each man.
quīvīs, quaevīs, quodvīs, indef. pron., any you please, of any sort(you please).
quō, adv., whither, how far, where, to which; quō propius . . . eō plūra, the nearer . . . the more.
quō, conj., in order that, in order to, so that.
quod, conj., because, since, that; so far as.
quōminus, conj., from (with part. in -ing).
quondam, adv., at one time, once on (upon) a time.
quoniam, conj., since.
quoque, adv., also, too, even.
quotiēnscumque, conj., as often as.
R
rabidus, -a, -um, adj., mad.
radius, -ī, m., ray; pointer, rod.
Rāhāba, -ae, f., Rahab, a woman of Jericho.
rāmulus, -ī, m., twig, small branch.
rāmus, -ī, m., branch.
rapidē, adv., swiftly, quickly.
rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptus, tr., seize, snatch, steal, draw, pull,sweep (away), hurry.
raptim, adv., hurriedly, hastily.
rāritās, -ātis, f., scarcity, thinness.
rārō, adv., seldom, infrequently.
rārus, -a, -um, adj., thin, scattered, one by one.
ratiō, -ōnis, f., plan, reasoning, account, bill, statement.
ratis, -is, f., raft.
ratus, see reor.
raucus, -a, -um, adj., hoarse, rough.
recēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessum, intr., recede, withdraw, fade;with ab and abl., leave.
recēns, -entis, adj., fresh, new.
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus, tr., receive, accept, admit,welcome, gather, take (to); withdraw; ad sē recipere, welcome;
hospitiō recipere, entertain; sē recipere, retire, withdraw, return,retreat, betake (one’s) self, take refuge; come out, go.
recitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., read aloud, recite.
recordor, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr., recall, remember.
recreō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., rest; sē recreāre, recover.
rēctē, adv., rightly; comp., better; rēctē dīcere, be right;
rēctē quaerere, be right in asking. See habeō.
rēctor, -ōris, m., rider, driver.
rēctus, -a, -um, adj., straight; f. abl. as adv., **rēctā,**directly, straightway, in a straight line.
recumbō, -cumbere, -cubuī, intr., recline, lie down, go to bed.
recūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., refuse, object to.
rēda, -ae, f., carriage, coach.
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditus, tr., bring back, send back, restore,vouchsafe; sē reddere (with dat.), rejoin.
redeō, -ire, -iī, -itum, intr., go back, return, withdraw, turn back, come back.
redigō, -igere, -ēgī, -āctus, tr., reduce (to), bring (into).
redimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptus, tr., ransom.
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., bring back, recall, bringdown, lead away.
referō, -ferre, rettulī, -lātus, tr., bring back, repay, refer;repeat, tell; show (gratitude); sē referre, return.
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus, tr., refresh, renew, repair,restore, rest; pass., rest.
refugiō, -fugere, -fūgī, intr., retreat, run away, take refuge,hurry for refuge, fly for refuge.
Rēgillus, -ī, m., a lake in Latium.
rēgīna, -ae, f., queen.
regiō, -ōnis, f., region, district, country, part, part of the world; pl., locality, district, country.
rēgius, -a, -um, adj., royal, regal, magnificent, splendid; king’s,of the king.
regō, regere, rēxī, rēctus, tr., guide, sail (ship).
Rēgulus, -ī, m., Marcus Atilius Regulus, a commander in the FirstPunic War.
religiō, -ōnis, f., religion, cult; scruple, responsibility.
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus, tr., leave, leave behind,abandon, desert, neglect.
reliquiae, -ārum, f., residue, remnants, left-overs.
reliquus, -a, -um, adj., left, the rest of, the other, the following, other; as noun, pl., the others, the rest.
relūceō, -lucēre, -lūxī, intr., cast glare, reflect.
reminīscor, reminīscī, tr., recall, remember, think of, think up.
remittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus, tr., send back, remand; check;forget (cares).
removeō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtus, tr., remove, take away, carry away.
Remus, -ī, m., brother of Romulus.
renovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., renew, take up again.
reor, rērī, ratus sum, tr., think; perf. part. as pres., ratus,-a, -um, thinking.
repente, adv., suddenly, of a sudden.
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertus, tr., find, run across.
repetō, -petere, -petīvī, -petitus, tr., call for, go back after, go back to.
replētus, -a, -um, adj., filled.
rēpō, rēpere, rēpsī, rēptum, intr., crawl, creep.
reportō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., bring back; carry away, carry off.
repugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., resist; part. as adj.,
repugnāns, -antis, contradictory.
rēs, reī, f., affair, circumstance, fact, matter, thing; act,action, arrangement, business, deed, development, event, happening, it,news, occurrence, outcome, story; pl., fortunes, possessions,troubles; mala rēs, destruction; rēs dīvīna, sacrifice; rēsgestae, exploits; rēs novae, revolution; rē vērā, actually, truly,in good earnest. See familiāris, gerō, habeō, ob, and pūblicus.
resīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, intr., settle down, calm down.
resistō, -sistere, -stitī, intr., resist, oppose, hold in check,stop.
resonō, -āre, -āvī, intr., echo, reverberate, ring, ring out.
respergō, -spergere, -spersī, -spersus, tr., spatter.
respiciō, -spicere, -spexī, -spectus, intr., look (back).
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsus, tr., answer, reply, make answer, make reply.
respōnsum, -ī, n., answer.
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus, tr., restore, stay, renew,rebuild.
restō, -stāre, -stitī, intr., remain.
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus, tr., hold back, hold, stop, keep.
retorqueō, -torquēre, -torsī, -tortus, tr., turn back; pinion, tie.
revellō, -vellere, -vellī, -vulsus, tr., pull out, take (from).
revertor, -vertī, (perf.) -vertī, (part.) -versus, intr.,return.
revoco, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., recall, call away, call off, call in; turn back (step); renew (laughter).
rēx, rēgis, m., king.
Rhēnus, -ī, m., the Rhine.
Rhodanus, -ī, m., the Rhone.
Rhodiī, -ōrum, m., the Rhodians.
Rhodos, -ī, f., Rhodes, an island southwest of Asia Minor.
rīdeō, rīdēre, rīsī, rīsum, intr., laugh, smile, grin.
rīdiculus, -a, -um, adj., laughable, funny.
rīma, -ae, f., crack.
rīpa, -ae, f., bank.
rīsus, -ūs, m., laughter, smile.
rīte, adv., properly, in the regular way.
rīvus, -ī, m., stream, brook.
rīxa, -ae, f., quarrel, brawl.
rōbur, -oris, n., power, strength; wood.
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., ask.
Rōma, -ae, f., Rome.
Rōmānus, -a, -um, adj., Roman; as noun, Rōmānī, -ōrum, m., theRomans.
Rōmulus, -ī, m., reputed founder of Rome.
rōstrum, -ī, n., beak.
rota, -ae, f., wheel.
Rubicō, -ōnis, m., the Rubicon, a river of northern Italy boundingCaesar’s province.
rudēns, -entis, m., rope.
ruīna, -ae, f., fall, collapse, ruin; pl., ruins, wreck, wreckage.
rūmor, -ōris, m., rumor.
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptus, tr., break.
ruō, ruere, ruī, ruitūrus, intr., rush on, charge.
rūrsus, adv., again.
rūs, rūris, n., country (as contrasted with city); pl., country districts, farm.
rūsticus, -a, -um, adj., country, from the country; as noun,
rūsticus, -ī, m., countryman, bumpkin; pl., country people.
rutilus, -a, -um, adj., reddish.
S
saccus, -ī, m., bag.
sacer, -cra, -crum, adj., sacred, holy; accursed; as noun, sacra,-ōrum, n., sacred emblems.
sacerdōs, -ōtis, m., priest.
sacerdōtium, -ī, n., priesthood.
saepe, adv., often.
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītum, intr., rage, be savage, be unruly.
saevus, -a, -um, adj., savage, cruel, unfeeling.
sagum, -ī, n., cloak.
Salomōn, -ōnis, m., Solomon.
salsus, -a, -um, adj., brackish (water); witty.
saltem, adv., at least, at any rate.
saltō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., dance, jump.
saltus, -ūs, m., jumping, leap; (mountain) pass.
salūs, -ūtis, f., safety, escape, life; greeting.
salūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., greet, hail.
salveō, -ēre, intr., be well; salvē, salvēte, greeting, good day!
multum salvē, hearty greeting.
salvus, -a, -um, adj., safe, sound, well, recovered.
Samius, -a, -um, adj., of Samian ware (i.e., earthenware).
Samnītēs, -ium, m., the Samnites, a people of central Italy.
Samsōn, -ōnis, m., Samson.
sānctus, -a, -um, adj., holy, sacred.
sānē, adv., to be sure, of course.
sanguis, -inis, m., blood.
sānō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., make well, cure.
sapiō, -ere, -īvī, intr., be wise.
sapor, -ōris, m., flavor.
satis, adv. and indecl. noun, n., sufficiently, satisfactorily,quite, well, fully, rather; enough; a sufficiency; **satis dignus,**adequate. See habeō.
Sāturnīnus, see Apōnius.
saxum, -ī, n., rock; pl., stone. See obruō.
scaena, -ae, f., stage.
scālae, -ārum, f., stairs.
scelestus, -a, -um, adj., rascally, wicked; as noun, scelestus,-ī, m., rascal; scelesta, -ae, f., wicked woman.
scelus, -eris, n., crime.
scīlicet, adv., of course, indeed.
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus, tr., know, be assured.
scīpiō, -ōnis, m., staff, stick.
Scīpiō, -ōnis, m., Publius Cornelius Scipio, wounded at the Ticinus, 218 BCE
scopulus, -ī, m., cliff.
scribō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptus, tr., write, trace.
scrīptor, -ōris, m., writer, author.
sēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessum, intr., withdraw.
sēcrētum, -ī, n., retirement.
secundum, prep. with acc., along.
secundus, -a, -um, adj., second; favorable.
sēcūrus, -a, -um, adj., careless, at ease, oblivious.
sed, conj., but.
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessum, intr., sit, squat.
sēdēs, -is, f., (sing. or pl.) abode; sēdēs bellī, base of operations.
seditiō, -ōnis, f., mutiny, rebellion.
seges, -etis, f., crop of grain, grain.
Seiānus, -ī, m., Lucius Aelius Sejanus, an officer of Tiberius.
sella, -ae, f., seat, sedan-chair.
semel, adv., once; semel atque (et) iterum, time and again, again and again, once and again, several times.
sēminūdus, -a, -um, adj., half-naked.
semper, adv., always, (for)ever, all the time.
Semprōnius, -ī, m., Tiberius Sempronius Longus, defeated at theTrebia by Hannibal in 218 BCE
senātor, -ōris, m., senator.
senātus, -ūs, m., senate.
Seneca, -ae, m., a writer of Nero’s time.
senex, senis, m., old man, sir, grandpa; as adj., aged; comp.,
senior, -iōris, elder, older, advanced in years.
sententia, -ae, f., purpose, idea, thought, view, sense.
Sentīnum, -ī, n., a town of Umbria.
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsus, tr. and intr., feel, know, realize,find, side (with).
sepeliō, -pelīre, -pelīvī, -pultus, tr., bury.
septem, indecl. num., seven.
sepulchrum, -ī, n., tomb.
sequor, sequī, secūtus sum, tr., follow.
serēnus, -a, -um, adj., clear.
sermō, -ōnis, m., talk, conversation, converse, topic.
sērō, adv., late, too late.
serpēns, -entis, f., snake.
servitūs, -ūtis, f., slavery.
Servius, see Galba.
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., keep, save, guard, watch.
servus, -ī, m., slave.
sēstertia, -ōrum, n., thousands of sesterces.
sex, indecl. num., six.
Sextus, -ī, m., a boy’s or man’s name.
sī, conj., if, though; sī forte, if perchance, in the hope that;
sī quandō, if at any time; sī quis, sī quid, if anyone, if anything;
sī quī, sī qua, sī quod, if any. See volō (velle).
Sibylla, -ae, f., the Sibyl.
sīc, adv., thus, so, in this way.
Sicilia, -ae, f., Sicily.
Siciliēnsis, -e, adj., of Sicily.
sīcubi, conj., if anywhere.
Siculus, -a, -um, adj., Sicilian.
signifer, -erī, m., standard-bearer, leader.
significō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., mean, stand for,indicate, signal, motion.
signum, -ī, n., sign, token, signal; standard, ensign.
silentium, -ī, n., silence.
Sīlēnus, -ī, m., an attendant upon Bacchus.
silva, -ae, f., forest, wood, grove.
similis, -e, adj., like, similar; as noun, neut., in phrase, vērīsimile, probable.
similitūdō, -inis, f., likeness.
sīmius, -ī, m., monkey.
Simōnidēs, -is, m., a famous Greek poet of the sixth century BCE
simul, adv., at the same time, simultaneously, together, at once.
simulac and simulatque, conj., as soon as.
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., pretend.
sīn, conj., but if; sīn autem, and if . . . not.
sine, prep. with abl., without.
singulī, -ae, -a, distrib. num. adj., one by one, one apiece,individual; as noun, neut. pl., each thing.
singultus, -ūs, m., sob.
sinō, sinere, sīvī, situs, tr., allow; locate.
Sinuessa, -ae, f., a town of Campania.
sinus, -ūs, m., bay; lap.
Sīōn, -ōnis, f., Zion.
sīs (i.e., sī vis), see volō (velle).
sitis, -is, f., thirst.
sīve . . . sīve, conj., whether . . . or.
socius, -ī, m., partner, ally.
sōl, sōlis, m., sun, sunshine.
sōlārium, -ī, n., (flat) housetop.
soleō, solēre, solitus sum, intr., be accustomed, be wont; part. as adj., solitus, -a, -um, accustomed.
solidus, -a, -um, adj., firm, whole.
solium, -ī, n., throne.
sollertia, -ae, f., skill, ability, wit.
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., disturb, agitate.
sollicitus, -a, -um, adj., anxious.
sōlum, adv., alone, only.
sōlus, -a, -um, adj., alone, by oneself, unsupported, only.
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtus, tr., open, loosen, relax, unmoor,throw off, cast off; pay; pass., come apart; part. as adj.,
solūtus, -a, -um, free; nāvēs solvere, set sail, set out.
somniō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., dream.
somnium, -ī, n., dream.
somnus, -ī, m., sleep, slumber, sleepiness; in somnīs, in a dream.
sonitus, -ūs, m., sound, rumble.
sonus, -ī, m., noise.
Sōracte, -is, n., a mountain near Horace’s farm.
sordidus, -a, -um, adj., unkempt, shabby, soiled, dark; humiliating.
soror, -ōris, f., sister.
sors, sortis, f., lot.
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsus, tr., scatter.
Sparta, -ae, f., Sparta.
spatium, -ī, n., length, extent, interval.
speciēs, -ēī, f., appearance, shape, likeness, mien; parade.
spectāculum, -ī, n., show; pl., games; tiers of seats, seats.
spectātor, -ōris, m., spectator; pl., audience.
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., view, see, look.
speculātor, -ōris,_ m._, scout, spy, sentinel.
specus, -ūs, m., channel.
spēlunca, -ae, f., cave.
spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētus, tr., spurn, ignore.
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., hope, expect, hope for,look for.
spēs, -eī, f., hope, expectation.
spīna, -ae, f., thorn.
spīritus, -ūs, m., breath, blast.
splendidē, adv., nobly, splendidly, gloriously, with large promises.
splendidus, -a, -um, adj., shining, ornate, fine, magnificent,handsome, impressive.
sponte (abl. only), f.; suā sponte, of (his) own accord,etc.
stabilis, -e, adj., steady, anchored.
stabulum, -ī, n., stable.
stadium, -ī, n., running course.
Stasimus, -ī, m., the name of a slave.
statim, adv., at once, immediately.
statiō, -ōnis, f., picket post; in statiōne, on guard.
statua, -ae, f., statue.
stella, -ae, f., star.
sternō, sternere, strāvī, strātus, tr., spread; part. as adj.,
strātus, -a, -um, paved.
stilus, -ī, m., pen.
stīpendium, -ī, n., pay; campaign. See faciō.
stō, stāre, stetī, stātūrus, intr., stand.
strātus, see sternō.
strepitus, -ūs, m., clanking, crashing, racket.
stringō, stringere, strīnxī, strictus, tr., draw.
studeō, -ēre, -uī, intr., be interested (in), be eager, be devoted,be fond (of); go to school; celeritātī studēre, desire to travel rapidly.
studiōsē, adv., zealously, attentively.
Studiōsus, -a, -um, adj., devoted; as noun, studiōsus, -ī, m.,admirer.
studium, -ī, n., pursuit, study; liking, interest, affection,eagerness, desire, curiosity; studium cognōscendī, curiosity.
stultitia, -ae, f., stupidity, folly.
stultus, -a, -um, adj., stupid, foolish; as noun, stultus, -ī,m., dullard, fool.
suādeō, suādēre, suāsī, suāsum, intr., urge, advise.
sub, prep with abl., beneath; before (a judge).
sub, prep with acc., beneath, under; (of time), just before,toward.
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itus, tr. and intr., pass under, risk; be at hand.
subigō, -igere, -ēgī, -āctus, tr., subdue.
subitō, adv., suddenly, unexpectedly, quickly, abruptly.
subitus, -a, -um, adj., sudden, unexpected.
sublātus, see tollō.
sublevō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., lighten, relieve.
submergō, -mergere, -mersī, -mersus, tr., sink, drown.
subsellium, -ī, n., bench, seat.
subsequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum, tr. and intr., follow, follow after, come up.
subsidium, -ī, n., help, support, aid. See veniō.
subveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventum, intr., come up, come up to assist.
Suēbī, -ōrum, m., a people of central and northwestern Germany.
Suētōnius, -ī, m., a writer of biography in the imperial period.
suī, sibi, reflex. pron., sing. and pl., himself, herself, etc.;his person; he, she, etc., him, her, etc.; sēcum, by oneself.See inter.
Suionēs, -um, m., a people of Scandinavia.
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus, intr., be; in hospitiō esse, be entertained, accept entertainment. See obvius and ūsus.
summissus, -a, -um, adj., low.
summus, see superus.
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sumptus, tr., take, take up; exact(punishment).
sūmptus, -ūs, m., expense.
supellex, -lectilis, f., furniture.
super, adv., more (than enough).
super, prep. with abl. and acc., above, on top of.
superbus, -a, -um, adj., proud, dainty.
superior, see superus.
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., surpass, overcome, defeat,outclass, beat, worst; win.
superstes, -stitis, adj., surviving; as noun, m. and f., survivor.
superstitiō, -ōnis, f., delusion.
supersum, -esse, -fuī, intr., survive, remain over.
superus, -a, -um, adj., upper; as noun, superī, -ōrum, m., the upper world; comp., superior, -ius, upper, better; sup.,
suprēmus, -a, -um, most high, and summus, -a, -um, greatest,highest, very great, marked, extreme, utmost, severest, very dangerous;top of, top part of, depths of; all, top (speed), all (one’s might).
supīnus, -a, -um, adj., on (one’s) back.
supplicium, -ī, n., punishment, penalty; execution.
suprā, adv., above; as prep. with acc., above.
suprēmus, see superus.
surgō, surgere, surrēxī, surrēctum, intr., rise, get up, arise.
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus, tr., undertake, begin.
suspēnsus, -a, -um, adj., anxious, on the qui vive.
suspicor, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr., suspect, imagine.
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus, tr. and intr., bear, endure,support, carry; bear up, hold up; refrain.
sustulī, see tollō.
suus, -a, -um, poss. adj., his, hers, etc.; his own, her own,etc.; of his, of hers, etc.; as noun, sui, -ōrum, m., his men,his soldiers, his friends; her family, her household; their number,their own friends; etc.
Syrācūsae, -ārum, f., Syracuse.
Syrācūsānus, -a, -um, adj., from Syracuse.
Syria, -ae, f., Syria.
T
tabellārius, -ī, m., letter-bearer, messenger.
taberna, -ae, f., shop.
tabernāculum, -ī, n., tent.
tabula, -ae, f., tablet (for painting or writing).
taceō, -ēre, -uī, tacitus, tr. and intr., be still, be quiet; part.as adj., tacēns, -entis, silent, silent(ly), without speaking; and
tacitus, -a, -um, in silence, silent(ly), unresponsive.
Tacitus, -ī, m., a historian of the imperial period.
taedet, -ēre, -uit, impers., it tires; mē taedet, I am tired,etc.
taeter, -tra, -trum, adj., dreadful.
tālis, -e, adj., such, such (as this), this.
tam, adv., so; with adj., such.
tamen, adv., however, still, yet, nevertheless.
Tamesis, -is, m., the Thames.
tandem, adv., at length.
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctus, tr., touch.
Tantalus, -ī, m., a sufferer in the Lower World.
tantō, adv. with comp., so much, in that measure; tantō magis, all the more. See quantō.
tantopere, adv., so, so much, so (wildly).
tantum, adv., only, merely; so much. See valeō.
tantus, -a, -um, adj., so great, such great, such, such heavy, so long, so much; hic tantus, this great; is tantus, this terrible;
tantus . . . quantus, as great . . . as; tantī facere, care enough for. See tantō and tantum.
tardē, adv., slowly.
tardus, -a, -um, adj., slow, moving slowly.
Tarentīnus, -a, -um, adj., of Tarentum.
Tarentum -ī, n., a city of southern Italy.
Tartara, -ōrum, n., the Lower World.
taurus, -ī, m., bull.
tēctum, -ī, n., building, dwelling; pl., house.
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctus, tr., cover, conceal.
tēlum, -ī, n., weapon.
temere, adv., rashly, hastily, at random.
temperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr. and intr., control; refrain.
tempestās, -ātis, f., storm, weather,
templum, -ī, n., temple; aisle.
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., try.
tempus, -oris, n., time; pl., days.
tendō, tendere, tetendī, tentus, tr. and intr., stretch, spread;travel, journey, be headed (for), make for; iter tendere, journey.
tenebrae, -ārum, f., shadows, darkness, gloom.
teneō, -ēre, -uī, tr., hold, keep, hold back, keep back.
tener, -era, -erum, adj., frail, soft, graceful.
tenuis, -e, adj., thin, poor, slight, not worth mentioning.
ter, num. adv., three times.
tergum, -ī, n., back; ā tergō, in the rear, from behind, behind.See vertō.
terō, terere, trīvī, trītus, tr., pass, while away (time).
terra, -ae, f., land, ground, dirt, earth; pl., world, earth.See mōtus, orbis, and tremor.
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, tr., terrify, terrorize, alarm, frighten.
terribilis, -e, adj., terrible, awful, shocking.
terror, -ōris, m., terror, alarm, fright.
tertius, -a, -um, num. adj., third.
testimōnium, -ī, n., testimony, evidence.
testūdō, -inis, f., tortoise.
tetigī, see tangō.
Thapsus, -ī, f., a city of northern Africa.
theātrum, -ī, n., theater.
Thermopylae, -ārum, f., a pass in Greece.
Thēseus (dissyl.), -eī, m., slayer of the Minotaur.
Thisbē, -ēs, f., a maiden of Babylon.
Tiberis, -is, m., the Tiber.
Tiberius, -ī, m., emperor 14-37 CE
Tīcīnum, -ī, n., a town of northern Italy.
Tīcīnus, -ī, m., a stream of northern Italy, tributary to the Po.
timeō, -ēre, -uī, tr. and intr., fear, be afraid, be alarmed.
Tīmocharēs, -is, m., a courtier of Pyrrhus.
timor, -ōris, m., fear, alarm.
titulus, -ī, m., placard, notice; glory.
Titus, -ī, m., a boy’s or man’s name; the emperor Titus, who reigned 79-81 CE
Tmōlus, -ī, m., a mountain of Lydia.
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātus, tr., raise up, lift up, catch up,take up, pick up, set up, send up, raise, lift; remove, carry off, putout of the way, get rid of.
Torquātus, -ī, m., a friend of Cornelius.
torreō, torrēre, torruī, tostus, tr., roast, scorch.
tot, indecl. adj., so many.
totidem, indecl. adj., so many, just so many, the same number of.
totiēns, adv., so often.
tōtus, -a, -um, adj., entire, whole, all.
tractō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., handle, treat, discuss.
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditus, tr., give, confer, assign, impart;bequeath, leave; deliver, hand over, hand, turn over, surrender; pass,pass along; transmit, hand down, relate, record, say.
trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus, tr., bring across, take across,transport, carry over; deliver; introduce.
trahō, trahere, trāxī, tractus, tr., drag, draw out, draw, protract,prolong, spin out, while away (time); acquire; pass., (of time)pass.
Traiānus, -ī, m., the emperor Trajan, who reigned 98-117 CE
tranquillus, -a, -um, adj., calm, quiet, undisturbed.
trāns, prep. with acc., across, over.
Trānsalpīnus, -a, -um, adj., across the Alps, Transalpine.
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itus, tr. and intr., cross, cross over, go across, pass; (of time), pass, go by.
trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxus, tr., pierce, run through.
trānsigō, -igere, -ēgī, -āctus, tr., handle; pass (time).
trānsiliō, -silīre, -siluī, tr., leap over, vault over.
trānsvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectus, tr., convey across, carry across, transport, send over; pass., sail across, cross, cross over.
trānsverberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., transfix, pierce.
Trasumēnus, -ī, m., Trasimenus, a lake of Etruria where Hannibal won a great victory in 217 BCE
Trebia, -ae, m., a river of northern Italy, tributary to the Po.
tremor, -ōris, m., shock, chill; terrae tremor, quake, earthquake.
trepidāns, -antis, part., trembling, frightened.
trepidātiō, -ōnis, f., confusion, alarm.
trepidus, -a, -um, adj., anxious.
trēs, tria, num. adj., three.
tribūnus, -ī, m., tribune.
triclīnium, -ī, n., dining room.
trīgintā, indecl. num., thirty.
trīstis, -e, adj., gloomy, rueful, sad, dejected; bad (omen).
Trītōn, -ōnis, m., a sea divinity.
Trivīcum, -ī, n., a village in southern Italy.
Trōia, -ae, f., Troy.
trucīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., butcher, slaughter, kill, murder.
tū, tuī, pers. pron., you, yourself.
tuba, -ae, f., trumpet.
Tullius, -ī, m., a Roman family name; e.g., Marcus Tullius Cicero,the orator.
tum, adv., then, at the time, at that time.
tumultus, -ūs, m., din, disturbance, confusion.
turba, -ae, f., confusion, trouble; throng.
turbidus, -a, -um, adj., boisterous, upset, roiled.
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., upheave; spoil.
turpis, -e, adj., disgraceful.
turris, -is, f., tower.
tūtō, adv., safely, in safety.
tūtus, -a, -um, adj., safe.
tuus, -a, -um, poss. adj., your.
tyrannus, -ī, m., tyrant.
Tyrus, -ī, f., Tyre, a city of the Phoenicians.
U
ūber, -eris, n., udder.
ubi, adv., where; as conj., when.
ubique, adv., everywhere, anywhere; in all (contests).
ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultus sum, tr., avenge, punish.
ūllus, -a, -um, adj., any. See nec.
ulterior, -ius, adj., farther; sup., ultimus, -a, -um, last,final.
ultrā, adv., further; as prep. with acc., beyond, over.
ultrō, adv., actually, voluntarily; ultrō citrōque, back and forth.
ululātus, -ūs, m., shriek.
umbra, -ae, f., shade, shadow, ghost; pl., shades (of the dead).
umerus, -ī, m., shoulder.
umquam, adv., ever. See nec, negō, and nēve.
ūnā, adv., in company, together; ūnā cum, in the company of,together with.
uncus, -ī, m., hook.
unda, -ae, f., wave; pl., water.
unde, adv., whence, from which, from what, out from which; where;from there.
ūndecimus, -a, -um, num. adj., eleventh.
undique, adv., on all sides, on every hand, on every side,everywhere.
ūnicē, adv., best of all, above all else.
ūniversus, -a, -um, adj., general; in a body.
ūnus, -a, -um, num. adj., a single, one; ad ūnum, to a man.
urbānus, -a, -um, adj., of the city, city.
urbs, urbis, f., city.
urna, -ae, f., urn, pitcher.
ursa, -ae, f., she-bear, and ursus, -ī, m., bear.
Usīpī, -ōrum, m., a people of western Germany.
usquam, adv., anywhere. See nec.
usque, adv., ever; even (to), as far as; with ad, up to, as far as; usque eō, to such a point.
ūsus, -ūs, m., usefulness, possibilities; ūsuī esse, be useful.
ut, conj., (purpose) that, in order that, so that, to; (result)that; (temporal) when (see prīmum); (interrog.) how; (rel.)as, as (being), like; (stipulative) on condition that.
uterque, utraque, utrumque, pronom. adj., each (of two).
utinam, adv., would that! oh that! I wish, etc.
ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum, intr., use, wear, make use of. take, have;speak (a language); gerundive, ūtendus, -a, -um, as a loan.
utrum, conj., whether; utrum . . . an, whether . . . or; utrum. . . necne, whether . . . or not.
uxor, -ōris, f., wife.
V
vacuus, -a, -um, adj., bare, empty, stripped.
vadum, -ī, n., shoal, shoal water; pl., ford.
vae, interj., woe, alas!
vafer, -fra, -frum, adj., mischievous, sly, tricky; as noun,
vafer, -frī, m., rascal.
vagor, -ārī, -ātus sum, intr., rove, range, roam, wander, stray,wander around, range about, run about, walk about, stroll.
vagus, -a, -um, adj., stray, traveling.
vāh, interj., ugh, oh, dear me, ooh!
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus, intr., be well, keep well, be strong;imper., valē, valēte, good-by, farewell; valeant, good-by to;
tantum grātiā valēre, be so influential.
validus, -a, -um, adj., strong, powerful, violent.
vānus, -a, -um, adj., silly, foolish.
varius, -a, -um, adj., varied, various, different.
Varrō, -ōnis, m., Gaius Terentius Varro, a commander at the Battleof Cannae, 216 BCE
vās, vāsis (pl., vāsa, -ōrum), n., jar, vessel, dish.
vāstus, -a, -um, adj., extensive, open (sea); terrifying.
vātēs, -is, m., prophet, seer.
vector, -ōris, m., passenger, traveler,
vehementer, adv., vigorously, strongly, energetically, exceedingly,earnestly, much, greatly, deeply, roundly, bitterly, violently,fiercely.
vehiculum, -ī, n., vehicle, carriage,
vehō, vehere, vexī, vectus, tr., draw, carry, transport, bring;pass., travel, sail, ride, proceed, journey.
Vēiēns, -entis, adj., Veientian, i.e., pertaining to Veii; pl.,
Vēientēs, -ium, m., the people of Veii, the Veientians.
Vēientānus, -a, -um, adj., at Veii.
Vēiī, -ōrum, m., a town of Etruria.
vel, adv. and conj., even; vel . . . vel, either . . . or.
vēlāmen, -inis, n., wrap.
vēlum, -ī, n., sail.
velut, adv. and conj., like; as, for example, as if, as it were.
vēna, -ae, f., blood-vessel; channel.
vēnābulum, -ī, n., hunting spear.
vēnātiō, -ōnis, f., hunting.
vēndō, -dere, -didī, -ditus, tr., sell, sell off.
venēnum, -ī, n., poison.
vēneō, -īre, -iī, intr., be sold.
venia, -ae, f., pardon.
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, intr., come, get (to), appear;
subsidiō venīre, (with dat.) assist. See obviam.
vēnor, -ārī, -ātus sum, tr. and intr., hunt.
ventus, -ī, m., wind.
Venus, -eris, f., Venus; love.
Venusia, -ae, f., a town of southern Italy, the birthplace of the poet Horace.
verberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., beat.
verbum, -ī, n., word.
Vercellae, -ārum, f., a town of northern Italy, where the Cimbri were defeated by Marius and Catulus, 101 BCE
vērē, adv., truly, really.
vereor, -ērī, -itus sum, tr. and intr., fear, be afraid; respect,reverence, love; fancy, believe; perf. part. as pres., veritus, -a,-um, fearing.
Vergilius, -ī, m., the poet Vergil.
vērō, adv., however, on the other hand, but; indeed, in fact, truly,in truth; moreover; yes. See immō and ita.
versō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., turn, ply.
versor, -ārī, -ātus sum, intr., be (in, on); stand.
versus, prep. with acc., toward; ad . . . versus, in the direction of.
versus, -ūs, m., line, verse.
vertō, vertere, vertī, versus, tr., turn, overturn; **terga vertere,**retreat.
vērus, -a, -um, adj., real, very, actual, true, frank; neut. sing.and pl. as noun, the truth. See rēs and similis.
vēscor, -ī, intr., eat, feed (on).
Vespasiānus, -ī, m., Vespasian, emperor 69-79 CE
vesper, -erī, m., evening; abl. as adv., vesperī, at evening, in the evening.
Vestālis, -is, f., Vestal virgin.
vester, -tra, -trum, poss. adj., your.
vēstīgium, -ī, n., footstep, trace, spot. See pōnō.
vestīmentum, -ī, n., garment, coverlet.
vestiō, -ire, -īvī, -ītus, tr., clothe, dress.
vestis, -is, f., dress, garment, clothing, clothes.
Vesuvius, -ī, m., the volcano Vesuvius.
veterānus, -a, -um, adj., veteran; as noun, veterānus, -ī, m.,veteran soldier, veteran.
vetō, -āre, -uī, -itus, tr., forbid, say “no”
vetus, -eris, adj., old.
via, -ae, f., route, way, road, street; journey. See dux.
viātor, -ōris, m., traveler.
vīcīnus, -a, -um, adj., adjacent, not far away, nearby; as noun,
vīcīnus, -ī, m., neighbor.
victor, -ōris, m., victor; as adj., victorious.
victōria, -ae, f., victory.
vīcus, -ī, m., hamlet; (city) block.
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, tr., see, look, look at, investigate.
videor, -ērī, vīsus sum, intr., seem, appear; impers., **vidētur,**it seems, it seems best.
vigilia, -ae, f., loss of sleep; pl., wakefulness; guards.
vigilō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., watch, keep watch, keep awake, lie awake, be awake.
vīgintī, indecl. num., twenty.
vīlis, -e, adj., cheap, worthless.
vīlla, -ae, f., villa, farmhouse, country house, country estate,estate, farm.
vinciō, vincīre, vīnxī, vīnctus, tr., bind.
vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus, tr. and intr., defeat, overcome,crush, beat; win.
vinculum -ī, n., chain, cable, rope.
vir, virī, m., man, husband.
virga, -ae, f., rod.
virgō, -inis, f., maid, maiden, girl.
virtūs, -ūtis, f., courage, valor, manliness.
vīs, ——, dat., vī, f., force, power, dash, intensity,violence, violent action, might, efficacy; amount, quantity, weight;pl., strength.
vīsō, vīsere, vīsī, vīsus, tr., visit, see.
vīta, -ae, f., life.
Vitelliānus, -a, -um, adj., of Vitellius; pl., Vitelliānī,-ōrum, m., the Vitellians.
Vitellius, -ī, m., emperor in 69 CE
vitulus, -ī, m., calf.
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum, intr., live.
vīvus, -a, -um, adj., alive, live, living.
vix, adv., hardly, scarcely, scarce, with difficulty.
vōciferor, -ārī, -ātus sum, intr., shout aloud, scream, yell.
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., call, call for, name.
volitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, intr., flit (about).
volō, -āre, -āvī, -ātūrus, intr., fly.
volō, velle, voluī, tr., wish, want, will, mean, like, desire,choose, care; be prepared, be willing, be kind enough, be pleased,please, be anxious; quid tibi vīs? what do you mean? **sīs, sī vīs,**please, will you; part. as adj., volēns, -entis, willing.
voluptās, -ātis, f., pleasure.
Volusēnus, -ī, m., an officer of Caesar.
vorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., devour, consume, eat, eat up, swallow.
vōtum, -ī, n., prayer.
vōx, vōcis, f., voice, speech, utterance, words, tone; pl., words spoken, cries.
vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tr., wound.
vulnus, -eris, n., wound.
vultus, -ūs, m., countenance, expression, looks.
Z
Zama, -ae, f., a town of northern Africa, where Hannibal was defeated in 202 BCE
zōna, -ae, f., girdle, belt.